时效温度对Monel K500合金微观结构与性能的影响

贾雪梅; 王杰; 刘庭耀; 郑淮北; 王勤英; 西宇辰; 董立谨

doi:10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2023.06.022

时效温度对Monel K500合金微观结构与性能的影响

doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2023.06.022

1.
西南石油大学新能源与材料学院, 四川成都 610500
2.
长沙理工大学材料科学与工程学院, 湖南长沙 410114
3.
成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院股份有限公司, 四川成都 610300

基金项目: 四川省自然科学基金（2022NSFSC0325）。

详细信息

作者简介:
贾雪梅，1997年出生，女，甘肃漳县人，研究生，研究方向：金属表面改性，E-mail:2629231247@qq.com

中图分类号: TG146.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-02-27
- 网络出版日期: 2023-12-28
- 刊出日期: 2023-12-28

Effect of aging temperature on microstructure and properties of Monel K500 alloy

1.
College of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China
2.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, Hunan, China
3.
Chengdu Advanced Metal Materials Industry Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610300, Sichuan, China

摘要

摘要: 采用固溶+时效工艺对Monel K500合金进行了时效处理，通过显微硬度和拉伸性能测试，以及OM、SEM、TEM、XRD等分析表征，研究了时效温度对Monel K500合金组织结构以及性能的影响。结果表明，时效处理后形成的多边形TiC颗粒强化相主要分布在晶界处，同时晶界处Al元素含量增多，过饱和固溶体发生脱溶分解，Al、Ti元素以Ni₃(Al, Ti)第二相形式析出，合金硬度与强度提高。经电化学腐蚀后，该合金生成腐蚀产物NiO和CuO。随着时效温度的升高，第二相含量逐渐增加，但过高的温度导致第二相长大，故时效温度为560～700 ℃时，强化效果随着温度升高呈先升高后降低趋势。时效温度为630 ℃时，合金的硬度（HV）为329.26，强度994.56 MPa，均达到最大值，但耐腐蚀性能在该温度下反而有所降低。
- Monel K500合金 /
- 时效处理 /
- 温度 /
- 微观组织 /
- 力学性能 /
- 析出相
Abstract: The heat treatment of solution + aging process was conducted on Monel K500 alloy. For investigating the effect of aging temperature on the microstructure and properties of Monel K500 alloy, the micro-hardness and tensile properties were measured and the microstructure of the samples was analyzed by OM, SEM, TEM and XRD. The results showed that hardening phase of polygonal TiC particles mainly distributed at grain boundaries. Meanwhile, Al content at the grain boundary increases after aging treatment, and precipitation decomposition in the supersaturated solid solution occurred, which caused Al and Ti elements to precipitate in the form of Ni₃ (Al, Ti) second phase. The corrosion products NiO and CuO formed after electrochemical etching. With the increasing aging temperature, the volume fraction of precipitates increases, but the high temperature causes the coarsening of precipitates. So, the strengthening effect firstly increases and then decreases with the increase of aging temperature in the range of 560～700 ℃. After aging treatment at 630 ℃, the hardness (HV) and strength of the Monel K500 alloy can reach the maximum value of 329.26 and 994.56 MPa, respectively. However, the corrosion resistance decreases when alloy subject to aging treatment at this temperature.
- Monel K500 alloy /
- aging treatment /
- temperature /
- microstructure /
- mechanical properties /
- precipitated phase

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图 1 Monel K500合金微观组织形貌

Figure 1. Morphology of Monel K500 alloy

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图 2 不同温度时效处理后Monel K500合金OM以及SEM形貌

Figure 2. OM and SEM images of Monel K500 alloy aged at different temperature

(a) (a1) (a2)560 ℃；(b) (b1) (b2) 630 ℃；(c) (c1) (c2) 700 ℃

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图 3 不同温度时效处理后Monel K500合金微观形貌

(a)原始K500合金；时效后: (b) 560 ℃; (c) 630 ℃; (d) 700 ℃

Figure 3. Microstructure of Monel K500 alloy aged at different temperature

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图 4 不同温度时效处理后Monel K500合金XRD谱

Figure 4. XRD patterns of Monel K500 alloy aged at different temperatures

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图 5 Monel K500合金透射电镜形貌

　　(a)（a1）(a2)聚焦离子束透射电镜制样；原始K500合金: (b1)晶面间距；(b2)高分辨透射图片；时效温度630 ℃合金： (c1) 晶面间距；(c2)高分辨透射图片；(c3)衍射花样1时效处理；(c4)衍射花样2

Figure 5. Transmission electron microscope image of Monel K500 alloy

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图 6 TEM暗场图像: (a)原始材料；(b)630 ℃时效处理

Figure 6. TEM dark field images: (a) Raw K500; (b) Monel K500 after aging treatment

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图 7 Monel K500合金不同温度时效处理后应力应变曲线

Figure 7. Stress-strain curves of Monel K500 alloy aged at different temperatures

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图 8 时效处理前后Monel K500合金拉伸断口形貌

(a)、(e) 原始态K500；时效后： (b)、(f) 560 ℃ ；(c)、(g) 630 ℃ ；(d)、(h) 700 ℃

Figure 8. Morphologies of the fracture surface of Monel K500 alloy after heat treatment at different temperatures

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图 9 基材和不同时效温度Monel K500合金的极化曲线

Figure 9. Polarization curves of the original and aged Monel K500 alloy at different aging temperatures

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图 10 Monel K500电化学腐蚀机理示意

Figure 10. Schematic diagram showing electrochemical corrosion mechanism

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表 1 不同温度时效处理Monel K500合金元素分布

Table 1. Element distribution of Monel K500 alloy aged at different temperatures

T/ ℃	位置	y/%
T/ ℃	位置	Al	Ti	Ni	Cu	Fe	Mn	Si
25	1	3.05	0.68	66.91	27.32	1.09	0.79	0.16
25	2	6.63	0.22	64.29	26.43	1.04	0.77	0.22
560	3	7.27	0.56	66.28	24.09	1.23	0.56	0.00
560	4	6.37	1.19	65.90	24.70	1.17	0.65	0.00
630	5	7.42	0.75	63.62	26.69	0.899	0.64	0.00
630	6	7.36	1.27	62.99	26.56	1.13	0.62	0.07
700	7	7.41	0.91	63.32	26.49	1.19	0.69	0.00
700	8	6.43	1.21	63.46	26.86	0.96	0.94	0.14

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表 2 630 ℃时效处理Monel K500合金元素分布

Table 2. Element distribution in Monel K500 alloy aged at 630 ℃

区域	y/%
区域	Al	Si	Ti	Mn	Fe	Cu	Ni
1^#	3.02	1.91	1.32	2.37	3.33	30.66	bal.
2^#	3.40	1.90	1.26	2.45	1.34	22.72	bal.
3^#	6.43	1.32	3.27	2.15	2.43	23.43	bal.
4^#	4.15	1.70	1.06	2.24	0.20	35.93	bal.

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表 3 不同温度时效处理后Monel K500合金及显微硬度

Table 3. Microhardness of Monel K500 alloy aged at different temperatures

时效温度/ ℃	显微硬度(HV)
时效温度/ ℃	测点1	测点2	测点3	测点4	测点5	平均值
基材	243.2	229.1	221.0	249.3	248.5	238.22
560	242.0	243.0	275.7	263.4	240.8	252.98
630	317.0	333.7	326.5	340.6	328.5	329.26
700	273.0	292.8	268.5	280.7	296.8	282.36

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表 4 不同温度时效处理后K500合金拉伸力学性能

Table 4. Tensile properties of K500 alloy aged at different temperatures

温度/ ℃	拉伸速率/ (mm·s⁻¹)	抗拉强度/ MPa	屈服强度/ MPa	延伸率/ %
基材	1.5	777.20	290	53.80
560	1.5	863.92	455	44.02
630	1.5	994.56	625	33.82
700	1.5	976.04	595	27.73

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表 5 电化学腐蚀测试结果

Table 5. Electrochemical corrosion test results

温度/ ℃	E_corr/mV	I_corr/(A·cm⁻²)	腐蚀速率/(mm·a⁻¹)
基材	−227.3	2.190×10⁻⁶	2.050
560	−221.9	1.185×10⁻⁶	1.959
630	−246.2	4.161×10⁻⁶	2.868
700	−224.9	2.089×10⁻⁶	2.003

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