攀枝花某钛精矿工艺矿物学研究

赖杨; 杨耀辉; 惠博; 徐莺; 郑国顺

doi:10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2025.01.015

攀枝花某钛精矿工艺矿物学研究

doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2025.01.015

中国地质科学院矿产综合利用研究所, 四川成都610041

基金项目: 四川省经信厅揭榜挂帅项目（LB-SK-HT23-0334）；攀西试验区第五批重大科技攻关项目（ZHS-QR-22-102）；中国地质调查项目（DD20242129）。

详细信息

作者简介:
赖杨，1987年生，男，四川彭州人，硕士，高级工程师，长期从事地质矿产调查、工艺矿物学研究工作，E-mail：772459504@qq.com

通讯作者:
杨耀辉，1985年生，男，湖南永州人，博士，研究员，主要从事战略性矿产资源综合利用技术研发与应用推广相关工作，E-mail：yyaohui@mail.cgs.gov.cn

中图分类号: TF823,TD912
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-09-24
- 刊出日期: 2025-02-27

Study on process mineralogy of a titanium concentrate from Panzhihua

Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China

摘要

摘要: 以攀枝花某钛精矿为例，通过化学多元素分析、AMICS矿物自动分析、电子探针分析、X射线衍射分析、扫描电镜分析和光学显微镜鉴定等手段开展详细的工艺矿物学研究，查明该钛精矿中TiO₂含量为48.03%，TFe含量为33.93%，另含少量MgO、SiO₂、Al₂O₃、CaO等杂质组分；主要矿物为钛铁矿（91.00%），次要矿物为钛磁铁矿（1.41%），以及少量黄铁矿（0.35%），另外含有少量辉石、绿泥石、榍石、橄榄石等脉石矿物（7.24%）；钛元素主要以独立矿物相形式赋存于钛铁矿、榍石中，分布率分别为99.50%、0.35%；其次以类质同象形式赋存于钛磁铁矿中，分布率为0.12%；确定该钛精矿TiO₂理论品位为52.09%。研究认为钛精矿中的部分钛铁矿与钛磁铁矿以固溶体分离结构紧密连生产出，通过传统的选矿手段难以有效分离剔除；钛精矿中存在少量含镁、钙、硅、铝等杂质元素的脉石矿物，这些是钛精矿品位难以提高的主要原因，应探索优化钛精矿精选工艺流程及药剂制度，有效剔除钛精矿中的脉石矿物，从而提高钛精矿品位，降低杂质含量。
- 钛精矿 /
- 工艺矿物学 /
- 赋存状态 /
- 提质降杂
Abstract: This study focused on a specific case - titanium concentrate from Panzhihua. Detailed process mineralogy research was conducted using chemical element analysis, AMICS, EPMA, XRD, SEM and optical microscope identification. The research reveals that the ilmenite concentrate contains 48.03% TiO₂ and 33.93% TFe, along with small amounts of impurity components such as MgO, SiO₂, Al₂O₃ and CaO. The primary mineral present is ilmenite (91.00%), followed by titanomagnetite (1.41%), with a small percentage (7.59%) consisting of gangue minerals including pyroxene, chlorite, titanite and olivine. The titanium element primarily exists in the form of independent mineral phases in ilmenite and titanite, with distribution rates of 99.50% and 0.35%, respectively. It also occurs as isomorphism in titanomagnetite, with a distribution rate of 0.12%. The theoretical TiO₂ grade of the titanium concentrate has been determined to be 52.09%. It is believed that part of the ilmenite and titanomagnetite in the titanium concentrate are formed by solid solution separation structures, which are difficult to effectively separate and eliminate using traditional beneficiation methods. Additionally, there are small amounts of gangue minerals containing impurity elements such as magnesium, calcium, silicon, and aluminum present in the titanium concentrate. These reasons render it challenging to enhance the grade of titanium concentrate. We ought to explore and optimize the beneficiation process for the purpose of effectively eliminating the gangue minerals within the titanium concentrate, thereby upgrading the grade of titanium concentrate and reducing the impurity content.
- titanium concentrate /
- process mineralogy /
- occurrence state /
- improving quality and reducing impurities

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图 1 钛精矿X射线衍射分析图谱

Figure 1. X-ray diffraction analysis of titanium concentrate

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图 2 钛精矿样品AMICS矿物分析彩图

Figure 2. AMICS mineral analysis color map of titanium concentrate

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图 3 钛铁矿显微结构

Figure 3. Microstructure of ilmenite in the sample

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图 4 钛铁矿（固溶体分离结构）能谱面扫图像

Figure 4. Energy spectrum scanning image of ilmenite (solid solution separation structure)

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图 5 钛铁矿（交代蚀变）能谱面扫图像

Figure 5. Energy spectrum scanning image of ilmenite (metasomatic alteration)

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图 6 脉石矿物显微结构

Figure 6. Microstructure of gangue mineral in the sample

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表 1 钛精矿化学成分

Table 1. Chemical element analysis of Ti concentrate %

TiO₂	TFe	FeO	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	CaO	MgO
48.03	33.93	38.26	1.50	0.57	0.50	3.12

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表 2 钛精矿矿物组成分析结果

Table 2. Mineral compositions of Ti concentrate %

钛铁矿	钛磁铁矿	硫化物（黄铁矿等）	脉石矿物							合计
钛铁矿	钛磁铁矿	硫化物（黄铁矿等）	辉石	绿泥石	榍石	角闪石	尖晶石	橄榄石	其它	合计
91.00	1.41	0.35	1.10	1.40	0.40	0.35	0.05	1.00	2.94	100.00

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表 3 钛精矿粒度分布范围

Table 3. Particle size composition of titanium concentrate

粒度/μm	钛铁矿/%		钛磁铁矿/%		绿泥石/%
粒度/μm	筛上	累积分布	筛上	累积分布	筛上	累积分布
89.19			0	100
75			3.71	96.29
63.07			0	96.29	0	100
53.03			1.61	94.68	4.88	95.12
44.6	0	100	0	94.68	5.14	89.98
37.5	3.78	96.22	2.86	91.82	8.53	81.44
31.53	2.79	93.43	4.6	87.22	5.93	75.51
26.52	3.79	89.64	0.92	86.3	8.2	67.31
22.3	7.76	81.88	2.44	83.86	9.79	57.52
18.75	8.01	73.87	4.46	79.4	8.02	49.5
15.77	10.08	63.79	5.25	74.14	9.29	40.21
13.26	15.81	47.97	8.97	65.18	10.26	29.95
11.15	13.65	34.32	9.81	55.37	10.71	19.24
9.38	10.65	23.67	13.73	41.64	6.72	12.53
7.88	10.22	13.45	11.14	30.49	5.78	6.75
6.63	5.89	7.56	11.5	18.99	3.38	3.38
5.57	3.58	3.98	7.68	11.31	1.62	1.76

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表 4 钛铁矿、钛磁铁矿单体解离度分析结果

Table 4. Dissociation degree of ilmenite and titanomagnetite monomer

矿物名称	单体解离度/%	连生体/%
矿物名称	单体解离度/%	金红石	钙钛矿	钛铁矿	钛磁铁矿	黄铁矿	含Cr磁铁矿	橄榄石	绿泥石	榍石	角闪石	尖晶石	辉石
钛铁矿	96.58	0.04	0.09	0.00	1.6	0.05	0.01	0.02	0.64	0.55	0.15	0.06	0.12
钛磁铁矿	57.75	0.02	0.06	40.41	0.00	0.16	0.13	0.07	0.78	0.25	0.08	0.03	0.19

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表 5 钛铁矿微区电子探针分析结果

Table 5. EPMA analysis results of ilmenite %

序号	TiO₂	FeO	MgO	CaO	Al₂O₃	SiO₂	V₂O₃	Na₂O	K₂O	P₂O₅	Total
1	53.60	42.09	3.51	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.14	0.00	0.01	0.00	99.37
2	52.46	42.71	4.36	0.03	0.02	0.03	0.08	0.00	0.01	0.00	99.70
3	51.61	45.03	2.95	0.03	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.02	99.66
4	51.83	44.93	2.85	0.00	0.00	0.02	0.21	0.01	0.00	0.00	99.86
5	56.28	35.62	8.02	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.07	0.03	0.01	0.00	100.05
6	50.86	48.00	0.07	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.05	0.00	0.00	98.99
7	52.37	47.28	0.09	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.02	0.00	0.00	99.77
8	52.05	47.23	0.08	0.00	0.00	0.02	0.32	0.02	0.00	0.00	99.73
9	50.53	48.91	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.00	0.00	0.02	0.00	0.01	99.55
10	49.33	50.17	0.07	0.04	0.05	0.00	0.22	0.00	0.01	0.01	99.90
平均值	52.09	45.20	2.20	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.11	0.01	0.00	0.00	99.66

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表 6 其他矿物的能谱微区数据

Table 6. Energy spectrum analysis results of other minerals %

矿物	TiO₂	FeO	TFe	MgO	CaO	Al₂O₃	SiO₂	Cr₂O₃	ZnO	Na₂O	K₂O
钛磁铁矿	4.02	92.60	72.02					3.38
辉石		7.01	5.45	15.94	24.65	4.99	47.41
尖晶石	11.92	21.20	16.48	13.41		46.29		6.30	0.88
绿泥石		4.56	3.55	33.21		33.74	28.50
榍石	41.18	0.94	0.73		30.10	1.05	26.73
角闪石	2.76	6.12	4.76	18.58	14.16	16.96	37.86			3.02	0.56
橄榄石		27.15	21.12	38.04			34.81

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表 7 钛精矿中Fe、Ti、Mg元素平衡配分计算

Table 7. Equilibrium partition calculation table of chemical elements such as Fe, Ti, Mg in the sample %

矿物名称	矿物含量	TFe			TiO₂			MgO
矿物名称	矿物含量	含量	金属量	分布率	含量	金属量	分布率	含量	金属量	分布率
钛铁矿	91.00	35.16	31.996	95.45	52.09	47.402	99.50	2.20	2.002	64.70
钛磁铁矿	1.41	72.02	1.015	3.03	4.02	0.057	0.12	0.00	0.000	0.00
辉石	1.10	5.45	0.060	0.18	0.00	0.000	0.00	15.94	0.175	5.67
绿泥石	1.40	3.55	0.050	0.15	0.00	0.000	0.00	33.21	0.465	15.03
榍石	0.40	0.73	0.003	0.01	41.18	0.165	0.35	0.00	0.000	0.00
尖晶石	0.05	16.49	0.008	0.02	11.92	0.006	0.01	13.41	0.007	0.22
角闪石	0.35	4.76	0.017	0.05	2.76	0.010	0.02	18.58	0.065	2.10
黄铁矿	0.35	45.76	0.160	0.48	0.00	0.000	0.00	0.00	0.000	0.00
橄榄石	1.00	21.12	0.211	0.63	0.00	0.000	0.00	38.04	0.380	12.29
其它矿物	2.94
合计	100.00		33.520	100.00		47.639	100.00		3.094	100.00
钛精矿品位		33.93			48.03			3.12
平衡系数(k)		98.79			99.19			99.18

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表 8 钛精矿中Ca、Si、Al元素平衡配分计算

Table 8. Equilibrium partition calculation table of chemical elements such as Ca, Si, Al in the sample %

矿物名称	矿物含量	CaO			SiO₂			Al₂O₃
矿物名称	矿物含量	含量	金属量	分布率	含量	金属量	分布率	含量	金属量	分布率
钛铁矿	91.00	0.01	0.009	1.80	0.01	0.009	0.60	0.01	0.009	1.46
钛磁铁矿	1.41	4.02	0.057	11.18	0.00	0.000	0.00	0.00	0.000	0.00
辉石	1.10	24.65	0.271	53.49	47.41	0.522	34.37	4.99	0.055	8.81
绿泥石	1.40	0.00	0.000	0.00	28.50	0.399	26.30	33.74	0.472	75.81
榍石	0.40	30.10	0.120	23.75	26.73	0.107	7.05	1.05	0.004	0.67
尖晶石		0.00	0.000	0.00	0.00	0.000	0.00	46.29	0.023	3.71
角闪石	0.35	14.16	0.050	9.78	37.86	0.133	8.73	16.96	0.059	9.53
黄铁矿	0.35	0.00	0.000	0.00	0.00	0.000	0.00	0.00	0.000	0.00
橄榄石	1.00	0.00	0.000	0.00	34.81	0.348	22.94	0.00	0.000	0.00
其它矿物	2.94
合计	100.00		0.507	100.00		1.517	100.00		0.623	100.00
钛精矿品位		0.50			1.50			0.57
平衡系数(k)		101.38			101.14			109.31

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