膜分离法回收沉钒废水中钒与铬

辛云涛; 宋坤; 王如成; 田庆华

doi:10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2025.02.003

膜分离法回收沉钒废水中钒与铬

doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2025.02.003

辛云涛^{1, 2,},
宋坤²,
王如成²,
田庆华^1, ,

1.
中南大学冶金与环境学院, 湖南长沙 410083
2.
重庆大学材料科学与工程学院, 重庆 400044

基金项目: 国家科技部重点研发计划支持（2022YFC3901001）。

详细信息

作者简介:
辛云涛，1988年出生，男，河南民权人，博士，研究方向为稀散湿法冶金，E-mail:xinyuntao0707@163.com

通讯作者:
田庆华，1981年出生，男，四川宜宾人，博士，研究方向为资源循环与利用，稀散金属高纯制备，E-mail: qinghua@csu.edu.cn

中图分类号: TF841.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-11-07
- 网络出版日期: 2025-04-30
- 刊出日期: 2025-04-30

Recovery of vanadium and chromium from vanadium precipitation wastewater by membrane separation technology

XIN Yuntao^{1, 2
,},
SONG Kun²,
WANG Rucheng²,
TIAN Qinghua^{1
, ,}

1.
School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
2.
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China

摘要

摘要:
为了从沉钒废水中回收有价金属钒、铬，采用乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)络合配合膜分离法对沉钒废水进行处理。研究了络合效果、膜的种类、水通量、压力差等参数对于钒、铬回收效果的影响规律。结果表明，当EDTA摩尔比为1.5时，采用NF5纳滤膜在0.8 MPa下过滤3次，钒、铬的截留率分别为99.88%和99.97%，浓缩液中的钒、铬浓度为24.97 g/L和2.499 g/L，实现了沉钒废水中钒、铬的有效回收。透过液中的钒、铬含量分别为0.573 mg/L和0.015 mg/L，可以达到工业废水排放标准。DLS、SEM和AFM分析结果表明，采用EDTA络合配合膜分离技术可以有效地回收溶液中的钒、铬。
- 沉钒废水 /
- EDTA络合 /
- 膜分离 /
- 钒 /
- 铬
Abstract:
In order to recover the valuable metals vanadium and chromium from vanadium precipitation wastewater, this study adopted ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) complexation and membrane separation to treat vanadium precipitation wastewater. The effects of complexation effect, membrane type, water flux, pressure difference and other parameters on the recovery of vanadium and chromium were investigated. The results showed that when the molar ratio of EDTA was 1.5, the wastewater was filtered by NF5 nanofiltration membrane at 0.8 MPa for 3 times. The retention rates of vanadium and chromium were 99.88% and 99.97%, respectively, and the concentrations of vanadium and chromium in the concentrate were 24.97 g/L and 2.499 g/L, respectively, which realized the effective recovery of vanadium and chromium in vanadium precipitation wastewater. The contents of vanadium and chromium in the permeate were 0.573 mg/L and 0.015 mg/L, respectively, meeting the industrial wastewater discharge standard. The results of DLS, SEM and AFM showed that the vanadium and chromium in the solution could be effectively recovered by using EDTA complexation and membrane separation technology.
- vanadium wastewater /
- EDTA complexation /
- membrane separation /
- vanadium /
- chromium

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图 1 工艺流程示意

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the process flow

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图 2 EDTA添加量对回收率的影响

Figure 2. Effect of EDTA addition on the recovery rate

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图 3 不同膜对回收率的影响

Figure 3. Effect of different membranes on recovery rate

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图 4 水通量对回收率的影响

Figure 4. Effect of water flux on recovery rate

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图 5 压力对回收率的影响

Figure 5. Effect of pressure on recovery rate

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图 6 过滤次数对回收率的影响

Figure 6. Effect of number of filtration on recovery rate

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图 7 膜的使用次数对回收率的影响

Figure 7. Effect of number of membrane application on the recovery rate

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图 8 纳滤分离颗粒粒径及zeta电位的特征

(a)浓缩液粒径分布; (b)透过液粒径分布; (c)浓缩液和透过液的Zeta电位; (d)纳滤膜表面的Zeta电位

Figure 8. Characterization of particle size and zeta potential of nanofiltration

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图 9 浓缩液络合物结晶特征及膜表面变化

(a)络合物的XRD; (b)络合物的SEM; (c)纳滤膜过滤前的SEM; (d) 纳滤膜过滤后的SEM; (e)纳滤膜过滤前的AFM; (f)纳滤膜过滤后的AFM

Figure 9. Complex crystallization characteristics and membrane surface change

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