钒渣高效提取冶金：机械活化强化钠化提钒技术

谯露; 向俊一; 黄青云; 李兰杰; 吕学伟

doi:10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2025.03.003

钒渣高效提取冶金：机械活化强化钠化提钒技术

doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2025.03.003

1.
重庆科技大学冶金与动力工程学院, 重庆 401331
2.
河钢材料技术研究院, 河北石家庄 050023
3.
重庆大学材料科学与工程学院, 重庆 400044

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（52474323），重庆科技大学研究生创新计划项目（YKJCX2420221）。

详细信息

作者简介:
谯露，2001年出生，女，陕西汉中人，硕士研究生，研究方向为钒渣提钒，E-mail：18329667521@163.com

通讯作者:
向俊一，1989年出生，湖北宜昌人，博士，副研究员，研究方向为钒冶金及新材料制备，E-mail：xiangjunyi126@126.com

中图分类号: TF841.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-01-07
- 网络出版日期: 2025-06-30
- 刊出日期: 2025-06-30

Efficient metallurgical extraction of vanadium slag: mechanochemically enhanced sodium salt roasting vanadium extraction process

1.
School of Metallurgical and Power Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
2.
HBIS Materials Technology Research Institute, Shijiazhuang 050023, Hebei, China
3.
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China

摘要

摘要: 针对钒渣钠化焙烧-水浸提钒工艺一次焙烧转化率低、高温回转窑结圈等技术难题，提出了机械活化-造球协同预处理强化钒渣提钒技术。通过高能球磨活化促进钒渣物相解离与微观结构调控，提升其反应活性，并通过造球工艺改善原料传热均匀性与氧化速率，提高回转窑处理效率。采用XRD、激光粒度分析和BET比表面积等测定手段，系统分析了活化前后钒渣的物理化学性质及焙烧转浸变化规律。结果表明，机械活化会导致晶格畸变引起衍射峰宽化，且将钒渣平均粒径从43.035 μm降至7.627 μm，比表面积从0.725 m²/g升至2.514 m²/g；机械活化可显著提高钒渣混料球团的下落强度与抗压强度；钒渣最佳焙烧温度降低50 ℃，一次焙烧钒浸出率达到95.38%。新技术在低温下实现了钒收率提高，有效避免了回转窑结圈，是一种高效提钒技术。
- 钒渣 /
- 机械活化 /
- 钠化焙烧 /
- 浸出率
Abstract: To resolve the low conversion rate in single-pass roasting and ring formation in rotary kilns during conventional sodium roasting-water leaching process, this study proposed an innovative mechanical activation-granulation co-pretreatment technology. High-energy ball milling was introduced to promote phase dissociation and microstructure modification of vanadium slag, significantly enhancing its reactivity. Granulation process was optimized to improve heat transfer uniformity and oxidation rate of raw materials. Through XRD, laser particle size analysis, and BET measurements, the physicochemical evolution of vanadium slag was systematically characterized. Results indicate that mechanical activation can cause lattice distortion and diffraction peak broadening. It reduces the average particle size of vanadium slag from 43.035 μm to 7.627 μm and increases the specific surface area from 0.725 m²/g to 2.514 m²/g. The optimal roasting temperature is reduced by 50 °C, achieving a 95.38% vanadium leaching rate in single-pass roasting. This technology not only improves vanadium yield at lower temperatures but also effectively prevents rotary kiln ring formation, enabling an efficient and clean extraction process.
- vanadium slag /
- mechanical activation /
- sodium roasting /
- leaching rate

HTML全文

图 1 不同活化时间钒渣的XRD

Figure 1. XRD patterns of vanadium slag with different activation time

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图 2 不同活化时间钒渣粒度分布

Figure 2. Particle size distribution for vanadium slag with different activation time

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图 3 不同活化时间钒渣SEM

Figure 3. SEMs of vanadium slag with different activation time

(a) 0 min; (b) 5 min; (c) 10 min; (d) 20 min

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图 4 钒渣混料球团照片

(a)生球; (b)干球

Figure 4. Photos of vanadium slag mixed material pellets

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图 5 不同活化时间对钒渣混料球团强度影响

(a)落下次数；（b）抗压强度

Figure 5. Effect of activation time on the strength of vanadium slag pellets

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图 6 浸出时间对焙烧球团熟料中钒浸出率的影响

Figure 6. Effect of leaching time on leaching efficiency of vanadium from pellets

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图 7 球团尺寸对钒浸出率的影响

Figure 7. Effect of pellets size on leaching efficiency of vanadium

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图 8 机械活化时间对钒渣钠化提钒的影响

(a) 钒浸出率；(b)尾渣中残钒含量等值线图

Figure 8. Effect of activation time on the leaching efficiency of vanadium

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图 9 不同活化时间浸出渣粒度分布

Figure 9. Particle size distribution of leaching slag at different activation time

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表 1 钒渣的化学成分

Table 1. Main composition of vanadium slag %

TFe MFe SiO₂ V₂O₅ TiO₂ Cr₂O₃ CaO P₂O₅

39.35 1.42 15.28 9.52 8.72 2.96 2.30 0.458

下载: 导出CSV

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