基于磷酸盐辅助浸出的石煤短流程提钒工艺研究

朱振洲; 吴金朋; 高晨龙; 王伟; 焦树强

doi:10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2025.03.004

基于磷酸盐辅助浸出的石煤短流程提钒工艺研究

doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2025.03.004

1.
北京科技大学冶金与生态工程学院, 绿色低碳钢铁冶金全国重点实验室, 北京 100083
2.
大力储能技术湖北有限责任公司, 湖北襄阳 441035

详细信息

作者简介:
朱振洲，2001年出生，男，安徽淮南人，硕士，从事钒资源提取回收研究工作，E-mail：15675544684@163.com

通讯作者:
王伟，1986年出生，男，教授，主要从事钒钛提取和电化学冶金研究，E-mail：wwang@ustb.edu.cn

中图分类号: TF841.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-01-10
- 网络出版日期: 2025-06-30
- 刊出日期: 2025-06-30

Research on short-process vanadium extraction technology from stone coal based on phosphate-assisted leaching

1.
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
2.
Dali Energy Storage Technology Hubei Co., Ltd., Xiangyang 441035, Hubei, China

摘要

摘要: 针对湖北某石煤钒矿的矿相分析及传统处理流程，开发了一种磷酸盐辅助浸出的短流程提钒工艺，采用硫酸熟化—磷酸盐辅助浸出—溶剂萃取—氨水沉钒提钒工艺进行了提钒试验。研究了水浸pH、磷铁摩尔比、浸出时间、浸出温度对钒、铁浸出率的影响。结果表明，将粒度小于0.074 mm的原料在200 ℃和浓硫酸用量0.15 mL/g的条件下熟化2 h得到熟化样品，该熟化样品在水浸pH值2.5、磷铁摩尔比1.5:1、浸出时间1 h、浸出温度70 ℃的试验条件下，钒的浸出率可达93.44%，铁的浸出率为38.19%。采用P204萃取-硫酸反萃进行2段萃取-反萃，结合氨水沉钒工艺，成功制备出纯度大于99%的粉状五氧化二钒产品。该工艺提高了钒的浸出率，为石煤提钒提供了新的技术路线。
- 石煤提钒 /
- 除铁 /
- 萃取 /
- 沉钒
Abstract: Aiming at the mineral phase analysis and traditional treatment process of a stone-coal vanadium mine in Hubei, a short-flow vanadium extraction process with phosphate-assisted leaching was developed. The vanadium extraction process using sulfuric acid curing - phosphate-assisted leaching - solvent extraction - vanadium precipitation using ammonia water was carried out for vanadium extraction experiments. The effects of water leaching pH, phosphorus-iron molar ratio, leaching time and temperature on the leaching rate of vanadium and iron were investigated, respectively. The results showed that the cured sample was obtained by curing the raw material with particle size less than 0.074 mm at 200 ℃ and the dosage of 0.15 mL/g of concentrated sulfuric acid for 2 h. The cured sample could leach up to 93.44% of vanadium and 38.19% of iron under the experimental conditions of aqueous leaching pH 2.5, phosphorus-iron molar ratio of 1.5:1, leaching time of 1 h, and leaching temperature of 70 ℃. A powdered vanadium pentoxide product with purity greater than 99% was successfully prepared by using P204 extraction and sulfuric acid stripping for 2-stage extraction and stripping, combined with ammonia vanadium precipitation process. This process improves the leaching rate of vanadium and provides a new technical route for vanadium extraction from stone coal.
- vanadium extraction from stone coal /
- iron precipitation /
- extraction /
- vanadium precipitation

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图 1 原矿XRD分析

Figure 1. XRD pattern of raw ore

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图 2 磷酸盐辅助浸出的石煤短流程提钒工艺流程

Figure 2. Process flow diagram of short-process vanadium extraction from stone coal with phosphate-assisted leaching

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图 3 原料粒度对钒浸出率的影响

Figure 3. The effect of raw material particle size on vanadium leaching efficiency

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图 4 硫酸用量对钒浸出率的影响

Figure 4. The effect of H₂SO₄ dosage on vanadium leaching efficiency

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图 5 熟化温度对钒浸出率的影响

Figure 5. The effect of digestion temperature on vanadium leaching efficiency

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图 6 熟化时间对钒浸出率的影响

Figure 6. The effect of digestion time on vanadium leaching efficiency

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图 7 水浸pH对钒铁浸出率的影响

Figure 7. The effect of leaching pH on vanadium and iron extraction efficiency

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图 8 磷铁摩尔比对钒铁浸出率的影响

Figure 8. The effect of P-to-Fe molar ratio on vanadium and iron leaching efficiency

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图 9 水浸时间对钒铁浸出率的影响

Figure 9. The effect of leaching time on vanadium and iron extraction efficiency

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图 10 浸出温度对钒铁浸出率的影响

Figure 10. The effect of leaching temperature on vanadium and iron extraction efficiency

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图 11 V₂O₅产品XRD图

Figure 11. XRD pattern of V₂O₅ product

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图 12 石煤原矿和熟化样的SEM图片

(a)原矿；(b)熟化样

Figure 12. SEM images of raw stone coal ore and roasted samples

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图 13 浸出渣的XRD图

Figure 13. XRD pattern of leaching residue

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表 1 原矿主要化学成分

Table 1. The main chemical composition of the raw ore %

V₂O₅ Fe₂O₃ Al₂O₃ SiO₂ MgO K₂O SO₃ BaO P₂O₅ CaO Cr₂O₃

2.238 2.274 6.911 81.121 0.953 1.610 1.623 1.799 0.895 0.222 0.139

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表 2 V₂O₅产品的化学成分

Table 2. Chemical composition of V₂O₅ product %

V₂O₅ SiO₂ Fe₂O₃ P₂O₅ SO₃ CaO MgO Na₂O

>99 0.031 0.060 0.050 0.119 0.009 0.002 0.018

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