预应变和热处理对Ti6321合金变形行为的影响

尹艳超

doi:10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2025.03.008

预应变和热处理对Ti6321合金变形行为的影响

doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2025.03.008

尹艳超

中国船舶集团有限公司第七二五研究所, 河南洛阳 471023

基金项目: 七二五所科技创新项目（LW230803）。

详细信息

作者简介:
尹艳超，男，1989年出生，河南扶沟人，本科，工程师，主要从事钛合金材料及其应用研究。E-mail：alvinyin@sina.cn

中图分类号: TG146.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-01-29
- 网络出版日期: 2025-06-30
- 刊出日期: 2025-06-30

Influence of pre-strain and heat treatment on subsequent deformation behavior of Ti6321 titanium alloy

YIN Yanchao

Luoyang Ship Material Research Institute, Luoyang 471023, Henan, China

摘要

摘要: 对Ti6321合金进行预拉伸，研究预变形对其后续变形行为的影响；另外对预变形后Ti6321合金进行热处理，并与未处理预变形Ti6321进行了对比分析。结果表明，试样经过预拉伸后，其压缩屈服强度降低，降低幅度随着预拉伸塑性应变量的增大先增大后趋于稳定。预拉伸试样经热处理后再反向加载，其压缩屈服强度得到一定程度恢复，且高于未经热处理预拉伸试样的压缩屈服强度，压缩屈服强度回复幅度随着热处理温度升高而增大。Ti6321合金产生包申格效应的机制为微区非均匀塑性变形过程中残余应力的长程效应与位错运动过程中阻力变化的短程效应共同作用的结果，且前者为主要原因。预变形试样在热处理保温过程中位错组态发生变化，形成亚晶等使位错密度减小、位错塞积程度降低；另一方面高温下位错发生攀移，进而产生应力松弛，晶粒间的附加应力降低，微区残余应力减小，二者共同作用下使预变形态Ti6321合金反向承载能力得到回复，包申格效应减弱。
- Ti6321合金 /
- 预拉伸 /
- 热处理 /
- 包申格效应
Abstract: Pre-tension and heat treatment were performed on the Ti6321 alloy, and their effects on subsequent deformation behavior were investigated and compared. The results show that the compressive yield strength of the specimen decreases after pre-tension, and the decrease amplitude increases first and then tends to be stable with the increase of pre-tensile plastic strain. The compressive yield strength of the pre-tensile specimen is restored to a certain extent after heat treatment and then reverse loading, and it is higher than that of the pre-tensile specimen without heat treatment. The recovery amplitude of the compressive yield strength increases with the increase of heat treatment temperature. The mechanism of Bauschinger effect in Ti6321 alloy is the result of the long-range effect of residual stress in the process of micro-zone heterogeneous plastic deformation and the short-range effect of resistance change in the process of dislocation movement, and the former is the main reason. The dislocation configuration of the pre-deformed specimen changes during the heat treatment process, and the formation of subgrains reduces the dislocation density and the degree of dislocation pile-up. On the other hand, the dislocation climbs at high temperature, which leads to stress relaxation, the additional stress between grains decreases, and the residual stress in the micro-area decreases. Under the combined action of the two, the reverse bearing capacity of the pre-deformed Ti6321 alloy is restored, and the Bauschinger effect is weakened.
- Ti6321 alloy /
- pre-tension /
- heat treatment /
- Bauschinger effect

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图 1 试验用Ti6321合金原始组织照片

Figure 1. Microstructure of the as-received Ti6321 alloy

(a) OM; (b) TEM

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图 2 试样形式及尺寸（单位：mm)

Figure 2. Diagram of a specimen

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图 3 预拉伸前后Ti6321合金压缩性能

Figure 3. Compressive properties of Ti6321 alloy before and after pre-tensile

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图 4 不同状态Ti6321合金压缩屈服强度

Figure 4. Compressive properties of Ti6321 alloy in different conditions

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图 5 原始态、预应变态Ti6321合金IQ + IPF图

(a)原始态；(b)1.5%预拉伸塑性应变；(c) 5.0%预拉伸塑性应变

Figure 5. Morphology of IQ + IPF of Ti6321 titanium alloy in different conditions

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图 6 不同状态下Ti6321合金IQ、KAM图

（a1）（b1）（c1）（d1）为IQ+KAM叠加图；（a2）（b2）（c2）（d2）为KAM图

Figure 6. Morphology of IQ, KAM of Ti6321 alloy specimens in different conditions

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图 7 预变形态Ti6321合金的TEM照片

(a)~(c)1.5% 预拉伸塑性应变；(d)~(f)5.0% 预拉伸塑性应变

Figure 7. TEM images of pre-deformed Ti6321 specimens

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图 8 预变形Ti6321合金经热处理后的TEM照片

(a)~(b)1.5% 预拉伸塑性应变 + 300 ℃热处理；(c)~(e) 1.5% 预拉伸塑性应变 + 500 ℃热处理；(f) 1.5% 预拉伸塑性应变 + 550 ℃热处理；(g) 5.0% 预拉伸塑性应变 + 500 ℃热处理；(h)~(i) 5.0% 预拉伸塑性应变 + 550 ℃热处理

Figure 8. TEM images of pre-deformed Ti6321 after heat treatment

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图 9 预拉伸-卸载-压缩过程中晶粒受力示意

（a）预拉伸；（b）卸载；（c）压缩

Figure 9. Schematic of micro-stress on grains

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表 1 Ti6321合金板材化学成分

Table 1. Chemical composition of Ti6321 alloy plate %

Ti	Al	Nb	Zr	Mo	N	H	C	O	Fe	Si
Bal.	6.22	2.50	2.03	1.02	<0.005	0.0016	<0.01	0.081	0.029	0.024

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表 2 不同预应变后Ti6321合金的压缩屈服强度

Table 2. Compressive yield strength of the Ti6321 alloy with different pre-tensile plastic strain

试样	预拉伸塑性应变/%	压缩屈服强度/MPa
1	0	794
2	0.28	769
3	0.55	655
4	1.20	617
5	1.59	579
6	2.00	566
7	5.00	537
8	8.29	506

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表 3 预拉伸+热处理后Ti6321合金测试结果

Table 3. Compressive properties of pre-tensile plastic strain Ti6321 alloy after heat treatment

预拉伸塑性应变/%	热处理温度/℃	压缩屈服强度/MPa	比值R/%
0		794	100
1.2		617	77.7
1.2	300	632	79.6
1.2	500	727	91.6
1.2	550	737	92.8
5.0		537	67.6
5.0	300	556	70.0
5.0	500	685	86.3
5.0	550	714	89.9

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