Enrichment and recovery of zinc from a high zinc blast furnace ash by hydrocyclone method
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摘要: 为了充分回收利用高炉灰中的有价元素，通过对四川某钢铁企业钒钛磁铁矿炼铁所产高锌高炉灰的理化性质进行分析，提出采用水力旋流法对该高炉灰中的锌进行富集/回收，重点考察了给料质量浓度、沉砂嘴直径等关键参数对锌富集/回收效果的影响，并进一步开展了200 kg级规模的高炉灰扩大试验进行验证。结果显示：锌回收率随给料质量浓度的增大而略有增大，随沉砂嘴直径的减小而显著增大，锌品位的富集比变化趋势则与锌回收率相反。在给料质量浓度15%～20%、沉砂嘴直径为14～18 mm、深度回收锌级数3的条件下，总锌回收率可达97%左右，第一级的锌富集比可达2.4倍左右，第三级贫锌高炉灰锌品位可降低至0.8%左右。扩大试验结果表明，高炉灰总锌回收率为96%，第一级水力旋流富锌高炉灰锌品位可达26%，第三级贫锌高炉灰锌含量可降至1%以下，满足作为炼铁原料回用的需求。此项研究有望为高锌高炉灰的资源化高效利用提供数据支撑。Abstract: In order to fully recover and utilize the valuable elements in the blast-furnace ash, the physical and chemical properties of the high-zinc blast-furnace ash produced by the ferro-smelting of vanadium titanium magnetite in a Sichuan iron and steel enterprise were analyzed. The hydrocyclone method was proposed to enrich/recover zinc in the blast-furnace ash. The influences of key parameters such as the feed mass concentration and the diameter of the settling nozzle on the zinc enrichment/recovery effect were investigated. And further, a 200 kg blast furnace ash scale expansion experiment was carried out to verify. The results show that the zinc recovery rate slightly increases with the increase of the feed mass concentration and significantly increases with the decreases of the diameter of the underflow nozzle. The enrichment multiple change trend of zinc grade is opposite to that of the zinc recovery rate. Under the conditions of feeding mass concentration of 15~20 %, diameter of settling nozzle of 14~18 mm and depth recovery of zinc grade 3, the total zinc recovery rate can reach about 97%, the enrichment ratio of zinc in the first stage can reach about 2.4 times, and the grade of zinc in the third stage zinc-poor blast ash can be reduced to about 0.8 %. The expanded test results indicate that the recovery rate of total zinc in blast-furnace ash is 96%, the grade of zinc in the first stage zinc-rich blast-furnace ash can reach 26 %, and the content of zinc in the third stage zinc-poor blast-furnace ash can be reduced to less than 1.0 %, which meets the demand for recycling as iron making raw material. The results of this study are expected to provide data support for the resource utilization of high zinc blast furnace ash.
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图 1 高炉灰的SEM和MLA分析结果
Figure 1. SEM and MLA analysis results of blast furnace slag
(a)(b) SEM；(c)～(f) MLA
图 3 高炉灰中除焦炭外的主要目标矿物粒度分析结果
（a）粒度-体积密度曲线；（b）粒度-累积体积密度曲线
Figure 3. Analysis results of the particle size of the main target minerals excluding coal in blast furnace slag
图 4 给料质量浓度对高炉灰中锌回收效果的影响
Figure 4. Influence of feed material concentration on the zinc recovery rate in blast furnace slag
图 5 沉砂嘴直径对高炉灰中锌回收效果的影响
Figure 5. Influence of the diameter of sanding nozzle on the zinc recovery efficiency in blast furnace slag
表 1 高炉灰主要元素组成
Table 1. Main elemental composition of blast furnace dust
% Al C Fe Zn K Na Ti Ca Mg Mn Cl P Pb S Si V 1.39 16.30 29.20 13.85 0.45 0.15 2.23 2.72 4.71 0.14 2.55 0.03 1.40 0.54 2.89 0.10 
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表 2 高炉灰的矿物组成
Table 2. Mineral composition of blast furnace ash
% (Fe,Zn)氧化物 焦炭 ZnO 针铁矿 磁铁矿 赤铁矿 白云母 石英 辉石 铁橄榄石 玻璃相 钛闪石 31.50 16.30 13.38 11.07 7.47 3.58 2.13 1.60 1.15 1.07 0.91 0.92
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表 3 高炉灰中Zn、Fe、C元素的赋存状态
Table 3. Occurrence states of Zn, Fe and C elements in blast furnace ash
% (Fe,Zn)氧化物 焦炭 ZnO 针铁矿 磁铁矿 赤铁矿 白云母 石英 辉石 铁橄榄石 玻璃相 钛闪石 C 95.00 Fe 30.31 0.10 3.40 32.49 15.24 7.72 0.69 0.09 0.82 1.90 0.43 0.47 Zn 52.94 0.10 39.08 0.80 0.41 0.81 0.27 0.09 0.66 0.20 0.08
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表 4 Zn、Fe、C元素的粒度分布情况
Table 4. Particle size distribution of Zn, Fe, and C elements
粒级/μm 产率/% 元素含量/% 元素分布率/% C Fe Zn C Fe Zn +200 1.34 62.0 8.62 7.64 5.33 0.39 0.72 125～200 3.26 66.3 9.75 4.33 13.90 1.07 1.00 106～125 7.24 46.9 22.38 2.76 21.81 5.46 1.41 74～106 2.27 34.8 28.00 2.30 5.08 2.14 0.37 50～74 7.99 26.5 33.62 2.30 13.60 9.05 1.29 30～50 27.11 13.5 40.75 3.15 23.51 37.21 6.02 −30 50.78 5.14 26.12 24.94 16.76 44.67 89.20
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表 5 高炉灰中锌的回收扩大试验条件和结果
Table 5. Experimental conditions and results of the expansion test for zinc recovery from blast furnace slag
原料锌
品位/%级数 给料质量
浓度/%沉砂嘴
直径/mm贫锌高炉
灰锌品位/%富锌高炉
灰锌品位/%富锌高炉
灰锌回收率/%富锌高炉
灰锌总回收率/%12.47 1 18 18 2.09 26.95 90.24 96.38 2 17 16 0.95 14.72 4.99 3 17 14 0.79 1.67 1.15
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