20CrMnTi齿轮钢中夹杂物演变及钢液洁净度提升研究

李海涛; 高放; 李昊哲; 李立凯; 张小华; 顾超; 包燕平

doi:10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2025.03.018

20CrMnTi齿轮钢中夹杂物演变及钢液洁净度提升研究

doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2025.03.018

1.
常州东方特钢有限公司, 江苏常州 213000
2.
北京科技大学, 钢铁冶金新技术国家重点实验室, 北京 100083

详细信息

中图分类号: TF777.3
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- 文章访问数: 69
- HTML全文浏览量: 32
- PDF下载量: 10
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-10-09
- 网络出版日期: 2025-06-30
- 刊出日期: 2025-06-30

Research on the evolution of inclusions in 20CrMnTi gear steel and the improvement of steel liquid cleanliness

1.
Eastran Special Steel Co., Ltd., Changzhou 213000, Jiangsu, China
2.
State key Lab of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China

摘要

摘要: 以国内某厂20CrMnTi齿轮钢为研究对象，通过全流程取样分析了钢液洁净度提升的限制性环节，并提出以下两项优化措施：①基于FactSage7.2计算了精炼渣碱度和钙铝比对CaO和Al₂O₃活度的影响，综合考虑渣系的低温液相区，确定了目标精炼渣系范围：碱度=4～6，w(SiO₂)=9%～13.5%，w(Al₂O₃)= 22.5%～31.5%，w(Fe₂O₃+MnO)＜1%；②基于钙处理过量的现状，依托热力学数据库搭建了精准钙处理计算模型，并设计了人机交互界面。工业试验数据显示，在优化渣系和减少钙处理量的情况下，冶炼过程中的夹杂物数量显著减少，铸坯中夹杂物数量比原工艺降低56.3%。
- 20CrMnTi /
- 齿轮钢 /
- 洁净度提升 /
- 渣系优化 /
- 钙处理
Abstract: In this work, taking a domestic factory’s 20CrMnTi gear steel as the research object, the limiting factors for improving the cleanliness of the steel liquid were analyzed through systematic sampling, and two optimization measures were proposed. Firstly, based on FactSage7.2, the effects of refining slag basicity and calcium aluminum ratio on CaO and Al₂O₃ activity were calculated. Taking into account the low-temperature liquid phase region of the slag system, the target refining slag system range was determined as follows: R=4-6, w (SiO₂)=9%-13.5%, w (Al₂O₃)=22.5%-31.5%, and w (Fe₂O₃+MnO)<1%. Then, based on the current situation of excessive Ca-treatment, a thermodynamic database had been utilized to construct an accurate calculation model for Ca-treatment. Finally, the results of industrial experiments showed that with the optimization of the refining slag and the reduction of Ca-treatment, the number of inclusions in the smelting process significantly reduced, and the number of inclusions in the casting billet decreased by 56.3% compared to the original process.
- 20CrMnTi /
- gear steel /
- improvement of cleanliness /
- optimization of slag system /
- Ca-treatment

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图 1 取样节点以及取样方式

Figure 1. Sampling nodes and sampling methods

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图 2 冶炼过程中氧、氮含量变化

(a)全氧含量；(b)氮含量

Figure 2. Changes in oxygen and nitrogen content during smelting process

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图 3 夹杂物类型及数量变化

(a)夹杂物数量堆积直方图; (b) Al-O类夹杂数量及尺寸分布; (c)Al-Mg-O类夹杂数量及尺寸分布; (d) Si-(Al)-(Mg)-O类夹杂数量及尺寸分布; (e)含Ca氧化物数量及尺寸分布; (f)CaS数量及尺寸分布

Figure 3. Changes in types and quantities of inclusions

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图 4 碱度和C/A对Al₂O₃ 和CaO活度的影响

(a)碱度对Al₂O₃活度的影响; (b)C/A对Al₂O₃活度的影响; (c)碱度对CaO活度的影响; (d)C/A对CaO活度的影响

Figure 4. Effects of basicity and C/A on the activities of Al₂O₃ and CaO

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图 5 精炼渣系的优化方案

Figure 5. Optimization plan for refining slag

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图 6 钙处理的液态窗口区

(a) 钙处理液态窗口区; (b) CaS类夹杂物形貌

Figure 6. Liquid window zone of Ca-treatment

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图 7 钢液条件对钙处理液态窗口区界限值的影响

(a) Al含量; (b) T.O含量; (c) S含量; (d) 温度

Figure 7. The influence of steel liquid conditions on the liquid window zone of Ca-treatment

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图 8 模型搭建和计算思路

Figure 8. The logic of model construction and calculation

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图 9 冶炼过程中各节点夹杂物数量变化

Figure 9. Changes in the number of inclusions during the smelting process

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图 10 铸坯中夹杂物和析出物数量对比

(a)铸坯中夹杂物数量堆积直方图;(b)铸坯中析出物数量

Figure 10. Comparison of the number of inclusions and precipitates in the cast billet

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表 1 20CrMnTi齿轮钢的化学成分

Table 1. Chemical Compositions of 20CrMnTi Gear Steel %

	C	Si	Mn	P	S	Cr	Ti	Al
标准	0.17～0.23	0.17～0.37	0.80～1.10	≤0.03	≤0.03	1.00～1.30	0.04～0.10	0.015～0.035
内控	0.18～0.20	0.19～0.26	0.87～0.93	≤0.02	≤0.02	1.02～1.08	0.05～0.08	0.020～0.030

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表 2 精炼过程渣样化学成分

Table 2. Main components of refining process slag %

节点	CaO	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	MgO	Fe₂O₃	MnO	R= CaO/ SiO₂
LF进站时	54.85	16.08	18.36	5.29	1.41	0.92	3.41
LF白渣后	55.76	15.68	19.36	5.31	1.21	0.53	3.55
LF喂线前	56.68	15.11	19.21	5.01	0.92	0.15	3.75
LF吊包前	56.27	15.05	18.04	4.71	0.83	0.1	3.73

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表 3 钢液化学成分和温度

Table 3. Chemical composition and temperature of molten steel

化学成分/%								T/ ℃
C	Si	Mn	P	S	O	Al	Fe	T/ ℃
0.19	0.24	0.9	0.015	0.006	0.0015	0.015		1580

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表 4 工艺优化前后渣样成分及钙线喂入量

Table 4. Compositions of slag samples and length of calcium wire added before and after process optimization

工艺	节点	化学成分/%							钙线喂入量/m
工艺	节点	CaO	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	MgO	Fe₂O₃	MnO	R= CaO/ SiO₂	钙线喂入量/m
原工艺	LF进站渣	54.85	16.08	18.36	5.29	1.41	0.92	3.41	130
原工艺	LF出站渣	56.27	15.05	18.04	4.71	0.83	0.1	3.73	130
新工艺	LF进站渣	54.16	9.55	27.59	3.84	1.70	1.44	5.67	80
新工艺	LF出站渣	55.81	12.51	23.2	2.72	0.65	0.11	4.46	80

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