The effect of mixed rare earth additions on inclusions in 18 MnCr petroleum casing steel
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摘要: 为了研究稀土RE在炼钢及连铸过程的含量及稀土在夹杂物中分布的变化，通过电弧炉熔炼制备了18MnCrRE钢。经炉外精炼及真空脱气（VD）后在钢液中添加混合稀土（La和Ce），之后连铸制坯以及热轧制管。采用光谱仪、金相显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对试验过程中钢样内稀土质量分数和分布等进行了检测分析。结果表明，加入稀土后，稀土质量分数在VD炉和中间包钢水中的衰减特征相似。稀土对夹杂物的改性变形作用体现在以原有夹杂物为质点在其周围富集稀土夹杂物，连铸时钢液中的稀土夹杂物易于聚集而串联在一起；轧制后稀土夹杂物以圆球状颗粒存在，变形性能较好的稀土氧硫化物实现了对硬质夹杂物Al2O3等的包裹与改性。Abstract: In order to study the changes of RE content during the process of steelmaking and continuous casting and the RE distribution in inclusions, 18MnCrRE steel was prepared by electric arc furnace melting. After ladle furnace refining and vacuum degassing (VD), mixed rare earth RE was added to the steel liquid followed by continuous casting of billets and hot rolling of pipes. The mass fraction and distribution of rare earth in the steel specimen during the experimental process were determined and analyzed by spectrograph, metallographic microscope and scanning electron microscope. Based on the research, it has found out that after adding rare earths, the attenuation characteristics of rare earth mass fraction in tundish is similar to that in VD furnace. The effect of rare earth on the inclusion nature and morphology is reflected by the enrichment of rare earth inclusions around the original inclusions that act as anchor point. During continuous casting, the rare earth inclusions in the steel are easy to be assembled and connected together. After hot rolling, rare earth inclusions exist in form of spherical particles, and rare earth oxide sulfides with good deformation performance achieve the encapsulation and modification of hard inclusions such as Al2O3.
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Key words:
- 18MnCr steel /
- rare earth /
- nozzle /
- continuous casting billet /
- inclusion modification
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图 2 18MnCr钢冶炼过程中稀土质量分数的变化规律
(a)VD炉；(b)中间包
Figure 2. Variation of rare earth mass fraction during smelting process of 18MnCr steel
图 4 水口表面形貌及夹杂物成分
(a)水口纵向断面；(b)检测区域I；(c)检测区域II；(d)检测区域III
Figure 4. Surface morphology and inclusion compositions of ladle nozzle
图 5 水口聚集物夹杂扫描观察及成分分析
Figure 5. SEM image and compositions analysis of inclusion in nozzle conglomeration
图 6 图5中夹杂分布面扫描结果
(a) 区域1；(b)区域2；(c) 区域3
Figure 6. Mapping results of inclusion of distribution in Fig.5
图 7 铸坯夹杂物形貌金相图
Figure 7. Metallographic morphorlogy of inclusion in billet
(a)1#；(b)2#；(c)3#；(d)4#
图 8 铸坯夹杂面扫描结果及成分分析
Figure 8. Mapping results and composition analysis of the inclusion in the billet
(a) 1#，(b) 2#，(c) 3#，(d) 4#
表 1 18MnCr钢的化学成分设计
Table 1. Chemical compositions of 18MnCr steel
% 试验钢 C Mn Cr P S RE Fe 18MnCrRE 0.16～
0.200.8～
1.00.9～
1.1<0.01 <0.005 0.008～
0.01余量 
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表 2 18MnCr钢的化学成分
Table 2. Chemical compositions of 18MnCr steel
% 钢种 C Mn Cr P S RE Fe 18MnCrRE 0.184 0.852 0.996 0.009 0.002 0.0088 余量 设计成分 0.16～0.20 0.8～1.0 0.9～1.1 <0.01 <0.005 0.008～0.01 余量
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化学反应式 ΔGθ/（J·mol−1） 公式 1512 ℃1550 ℃1612 ℃[Ce]+2[O]=CeO2(s) − 854274.7 +249.11T− 409613.35 − 400147.17 − 384702.35 2[Ce]+3[O]=Ce2O3(s) − 1431090 +360.06T− 788382.9 − 774700.62 − 752376.9 [Ce]+[S]=CeS(s) − 422783 +120.58T− 207547.7 − 202965.66 − 195489.7 2[Ce]+3[S]=Ce2S3(s) − 1074584 +328.24T− 488675.6 − 476202.48 − 455851.6 3[Ce]+4[S]=Ce3S4(s) − 1493010 +438.9T− 709573.5 − 692895.3 − 665683.5 2[Ce]+2[O]+[S]=Ce2O2S(s) − 1353592.4 +331.6T− 761686.4 − 749085.6 − 728526.4 [Ce]+3[O]+[Al]=CeAlO3(s) − 1366460 +364T− 716720 − 702888 − 680320 [Ce]+2[C]=CeC2(s) − 202790 +125.3T20870.5 25631.9 33400.5 2[Ce]+3[C]=Ce2C3(s) − 224000 +205.8T143353 151173.4 163933
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