Effects of ageing treatment on the microstructures and tensile properties of maraging stainless steel
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摘要: 采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜及拉伸试验机等研究了不同时效处理高钛马氏体时效不锈钢的微观组织与拉伸行为。结果表明，不同时效处理高钛马氏体时效不锈钢的组织为马氏体和少量奥氏体，在马氏体基体内存在大量纳米级Ni3Ti析出相；
1050 -480、1050 -500、1050 -530和1050 -550样品中Ni3Ti析出相长度分别为11.5、7.9、15.9 nm和33.1 nm，宽度分别为2.8、2.8、4.3 nm和7.8 nm。随析出相尺寸的增大，析出相分布逐渐变得稀疏，高钛马氏体时效不锈钢拉伸强度逐渐降低，塑性逐渐增大，拉伸断裂特征从脆性解理断裂向韧性韧窝断裂转变。-
关键词:
- 高钛马氏体时效不锈钢 /
- 时效处理 /
- 微观组织 /
- 拉伸性能 /
- 断裂特征
Abstract: The microstructures and tensile behaviors of high-titanium maraging stainless steel under different ageing treatments were studied by means of metallurgical microscope, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and tensile testing machine. Microstructures observations shows high-titanium maraging stainless steel with different ageing treatments consist of martensite and a small amount of austenite, and there are a large number of nano-scaled Ni3Ti precipitates in the martensite matrix. The lengths of Ni3Ti precipitates in 1050-480, 1050-500, 1050-530 and 1050-550 samples are 11.5, 7.9, 15.9 and 33.1 nm, respectively, and their corresponding widths are 2.8, 2.8, 4.3 and 7.8 nm, respectively. As Ni3Ti precipitates size increases, their distribution gradually becomes sparse, consequently the tensile strength of high-titanium maraging stainless steel decreases and the plasticity improves, and the resulting tensile fracture characteristics change from brittle cleavage fracture to ductile dimple fracture. -
图 1 不同时效处理高钛马氏体时效不锈钢的金相照片
Figure 1. Metallographic photos of high-titanium maraging stainless steel obtained with different ageing treatments
（a）1 050-480; （b）1 050-500; （c）1 050-530; （d）1 050-550
图 2 不同时效处理高钛马氏体时效不锈钢的XRD结果
Figure 2. XRD results of high titanium maraging stainless steel obtained with different ageing treatments
图 3 不同时效处理高钛马氏体时效不锈钢的EBSD照片
Figure 3. EBSD results of high titanium maraging stainless steel obtained with different ageing treatments
(a) 1 050-480; (b) 1 050-500; (c) 1 050-530; (d) 1 050-550
图 4 不同时效处理高钛马氏体时效不锈钢的板条TEM照片
Figure 4. TEM photos of lath of high titanium maraging stainless steel obtained with different ageing treatments
(a) 1 050-480; (b) 1 050-500; (c) 1 050-530; (d) 1 050-550
图 5 不同时效处理高钛马氏体时效不锈钢内部的析出相形貌
Figure 5. Morphologies of precipitated phases inside high titanium maraging stainless steel obtained with different ageing treatments
(a) 1 050-480; (b) 1 050-500; (c) 1 050-530; (d) 1 050-550
图 6 析出相的能谱图
(a) 棒状析出相；(b) 颗粒状析出相
Figure 6. The energy spectrum diagram of the precipitated phase
图 7 不同时效处理高钛马氏体时效不锈钢的拉伸性能
（a）拉伸应力-应变曲线；（b）强度与断后延伸率的关系
Figure 7. Tensile properties of high titanium maraging stainless steel obtained with different ageing treatments
图 8 不同时效处理高钛马氏体时效不锈钢的拉伸断口形貌
Figure 8. Tensile fracture morphologies of high-titanium maraging stainless steel obtained with different ageing treatments
(a)1 050-480; (b)1 050-500; (c)1 050-530; (d)1 050-550
表 1 新型高钛马氏体时效不锈钢的化学成分
Table 1. Chemical composition of the newly developed high-titanium martensitic aged stainless steel
% C Co Cr Mo Ni Ti O Ni 0.0022 ～0.0037 7.94～8.13 12.51～12.62 3.18～3.23 7.12～7.18 1.32～1.76 0.0005 ～0.0023 0.002～ 0.0044 
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表 2 马氏体板条束的平均尺寸
Table 2. The average size of martensite block bundles
样品名称 平均长度 /μm 平均宽度 /μm 长宽比 1050 -48018.3 2.9 6.3 1050 -50019.6 2.9 6.8 1050 -53017.1 3.8 4.5 1050 -55014.4 3.5 4.1
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表 3 马氏体板条的平均尺寸
Table 3. The average size of martensite lath bundles
样品名称 平均宽度 /nm 1050 -480512.9 1050 -500433.0 1050 -530482.8 1050 -550363.1
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表 4 棒状析出相Ni3Ti的平均尺寸
Table 4. The average size of rod-like precipitated phase Ni3Ti
样品名称 平均宽度 /nm 平均长度 /nm 1050 -4802.8 11.5 1050 -5002.8 7.9 1050 -5304.3 15.9 1050 -5507.8 33.1
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表 5 不同时效处理高钛马氏体时效不锈钢的拉伸性能
Table 5. Tensile properties of high-titanium maraging stainless steel obtained with different ageing treatments
样品 屈服强
度/MPa抗拉强
度/MPa断后延
伸率/%断面收
缩率/%1050 -4801707 ±21 847±4 6.2±0.2 9.4±0.3 1050 -5001602 ±11743 ±311.1±0.2 25.0±3.9 1050 -5301553 ±41667 ±512.4±0.2 56.8±1.4 1050 -5501443 ±41556 ±217.0±0.2 67.6±0.5
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