钒渣高效提取冶金：钙镁复合焙烧提钒工艺

张旭; 向俊一; 申彪; 何文艺; 韦林森; 吕学伟

doi:10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2025.04.001

钒渣高效提取冶金：钙镁复合焙烧提钒工艺

doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2025.04.001

张旭^1,,
向俊一^1, ,,
申彪²,
何文艺²,
韦林森³,
吕学伟⁴

1.
重庆科技大学冶金与动力工程学院, 重庆 401331
2.
攀钢集团研究院有限公司钒钛资源综合利用国家重点实验室, 四川攀枝花 617000
3.
攀钢集团钒钛资源股份有限公司, 四川攀枝花 617067
4.
重庆大学材料科学与工程学院, 重庆 400044

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（52004044）；重庆科技大学研究生创新计划项目（YKJCX2420220）。

详细信息

作者简介:
张旭，2000年出生，女，四川内江人，硕士生，研究方向为钒渣提钒，E-mail：17828284872@163.com

通讯作者:
向俊一，1989年出生，湖北宜昌人，博士，副研究员，研究方向为钒冶金及新材料制备，E-mail：xiangjunyi126@126.com

中图分类号: TF841.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-04-07
- 网络出版日期: 2025-08-31
- 刊出日期: 2025-08-31

Efficient extraction metallurgy of vanadium slag: calcium-magnesium composite roasting vanadium extraction process

1.
School of Metallurgy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Vanadium and Titanium Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Pangang Group Research Institute Co., Ltd., Panzhihua 617000, Sichuan, China
3.
Pangang Group Vanadium Titanium Resources Co., Ltd., Panzhihua 617067, Sichuan, China
4.
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China

摘要

摘要: 钙化工艺是一种相对清洁的钒渣提钒技术，但在钒收率、产品指标等方面仍有进一步提升空间。笔者团队原创性开发的钙镁复合提钒工艺通过离子协同效应，同时实现了钒回收率提升、杂质溶出率降低和尾渣减量的效果。文中阐述了钙镁复合对钒渣提钒工艺全流程的综合影响，钙镁复合焙烧后钒渣焙烧熟料中的主要含钒物相由Ca₂V₂O₇、Mn₂V₂O₇转变为Ca₂V₂O₇、Mn₂V₂O₇、Mg₂V₂O₇和Ca₅Mg₄V₆O₂₄；复合焙烧产物酸浸后钒浸出率提升约5%，Ca、P等杂质元素溶出率降低；钒浸出液铵盐沉钒率达99.5%，氧化钒产品纯度达99.8%；沉钒废水经石灰中和处理后可完全回用，且不影响原工艺顺行。
- 钒渣 /
- 钙镁复合焙烧 /
- 提钒 /
- 回收率
Abstract: The calcification process is a relatively clean vanadium extraction technology from vanadium slag, but there is still room for further improvement in vanadium yield and product index. The calcium-magnesium composite vanadium extraction process originally developed by our team has achieved the effect of improving vanadium recovery rate, reducing impurity dissolution rate and tailings reduction through ion synergistic effect. In this paper, the comprehensive influence of calcium-magnesium composite on the whole process of vanadium extraction from vanadium slag is expounded. After calcium-magnesium composite roasting, the main vanadium-containing phases in the roasting clinker of vanadium slag are changed from Ca₂V₂O₇ and Mn₂V₂O₇ to Ca₂V₂O₇, Mn₂V₂O₇, Mg₂V₂O₇ and Ca₅Mg₄V₆O₂₄. After acid leaching, the leaching rate of vanadium was increased by about 5%, and the dissolution rate of impurity elements such as Ca and P decreased. The vanadium precipitation rate of ammonium salt in vanadium leaching solution was 99.5%, and the purity of vanadium oxide product was 99.8%. The vanadium precipitation wastewater can be completely reused after lime neutralization treatment without affecting the smooth operation of the original process.
- vanadium slag /
- calcium-magnesium composite roasting /
- vanadium extraction /
- recovery

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图 1 不同钒酸盐在硫酸溶液(pH=3.0)中的浸出率

Figure 1. Leaching efficiency of different vanadates in sulfuric aicd solution (pH=3.0)

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图 2 钒渣焙烧熟料的XRD衍射图谱

Figure 2. XRD diffraction patterns of vanadium slag roasting clinker

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图 3 不同钙镁配比下的钒浸出率等值线

Figure 3. Contour map of vanadium leaching rate under different calcium-magnesium ratios

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图 4 氧化钒产品的XRD衍射图谱

Figure 4. XRD diffraction spectra of vanadium oxide products

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图 5 钙镁复合焙烧提钒工艺路线

Figure 5. Process roadmap of vanadium extraction by calcium-magnesium composite roasting

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表 1 钒渣主要组成成分

Table 1. The main components of vanadium slag %

V₂O₅	TFe	SiO₂	TiO₂	MgO	Al₂O₃	MnO	CaO	Cr₂O₃
15.29	31.00	14.50	14.38	2.92	3.47	7.32	2.57	1.43

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表 2 不同MgO/(CaO+MgO)摩尔比下杂质元素的浸出浓度

Table 2. Leaching concentrations of impurity elements at different MgO/(CaO+MgO) molar ratios mg/L

MgO/(CaO+MgO)	V	Cr	P	Mn	Fe	Mg
0	14265	8.925	9.52	3614	23.95	627.7
1/6	16074	6.828	0.854	4523	16.50	894.8
1/3	16074	6.259	1.849	5049	17.78	1344
1/2	16501	5.121	1.707	5604	18.92	1507

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表 3 不同MgO/(CaO+MgO)摩尔比下浸出尾渣化学成分

Table 3. Chemical composition of the leaching residue with different MgO/(CaO+MgO) mole ratio %

MgO/ (CaO+MgO)	Mg	Al	Mn	P	S	Ca	Ti	V	Cr	Si	Fe	O	渣率
0	0.42	0.38	3.81	0.09	7.25	6.68	6.21	0.71	1.29	4.04	30.53	6.21	93.7
1/6	0.63	0.38	3.39	0.1	6.01	6.04	6.38	0.62	1.28	4.52	31.76	6.38	90.6
1/3	0.91	0.38	3.28	0.1	5.86	5.1	6.84	0.64	1.33	4.79	32.58	6.84	89.4
1/2	1.83	0.38	3.18	0.09	5.31	4.35	6.85	0.64	1.39	4.91	33.07	6.15	88.5

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表 4 铵盐沉钒废水中元素浓度及沉钒率

Table 4. Element concentration and vanadium precipitation rate in vanadium precipitation wastewater by ammonium salt

MgO/(CaO+MgO)	元素浓度/(mg·L⁻¹)							沉钒率/%
MgO/(CaO+MgO)	V	Cr	P	Fe	Si	Mn	Mg	沉钒率/%
0	73.0	0.10	0.10	1.10	27.6	2220	370	99.24
1/6	57.0	1.58	0.38	0.48	13.5	3217	602	99.50
1/3	62.5	0.58	0.41	1.28	8.55	3488	840	99.45
1/2	67.5	0.60	0.55	1.80	6.05	3528	767	99.42

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表 5 氧化钒产品化学成分

Table 5. Chemical composition of vanadium oxide products %

工艺	V₂O₅	Mg	Si	Al	P	Mn	Ti	Cr	Ca	Fe
钙化	99.5	0.003	0.0037	＜0.001	0.008	0.168	0.037	0.011	0.070	0.081
钙镁复合	99.8	0.003	＜0.001	＜0.001	0.002	0.009	0.013	0.009	0.002	0.002

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表 6 废水循环次数对钒渣浸出的影响

Table 6. Effect of wastewater recirculation on the leaching of vanadium slag

循环次数	元素浓度/（mg·L⁻¹）					钒浸出率/%
循环次数	V	Cr	P	Mn	Mg	钒浸出率/%
1	13532	4.160	27.54	3073	800.1	91.85
2	15167	4.253	26.89	3555	855.6	91.45
3	15795	4.371	27.21	3397	832.2	90.98
4	15993	4.635	28.80	3550	897.8	91.76

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