Na2CO3-enhanced vacuum carbothermal reduction for titanium enrichment from ilmenite concentrate
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摘要: 钒钛磁铁矿经二次选矿可获得TiO2品位45%～50%的钛精矿，其中钛以与铁形成复杂氧化物的形式存在，且Ca、Mg、Al等杂质含量较高。针对目前常用的电炉熔炼法存在富集率低、污染废物产生量大及能源消耗较高等问题，采用理论计算与真空碳热还原试验相结合的方法，探究Na2CO3 作为添加剂对钛精矿的还原及钛富集行为的影响。结果表明：在
1450 ℃还原温度、12%配碳量及 10% Na2CO3添加量条件下，体系可显著提高Si、Mg、Al、Ca等杂质的聚集效果，同时促进FeTiO3的还原以及Fe颗粒粗化。为后续磁选分离Fe以及盐酸浸出富集Ti提供了创新技术路线。Abstract: Vanadium-titanium magnetite ore can yield a titanium concentrate with a TiO2 grade of 45%–50% through secondary beneficiation, where Ti predominantly exists in complex oxide phases associated with Fe, containing elevated levels of impurities such as Ca, Mg, and Al. To resolve the prevalent issues of low enrichment efficiency, excessive generation of polluting waste, and high energy consumption in conventional electric furnace smelting methods, this study integrates theoretical calculations with vacuum carbothermal reduction experiments to investigate the influence of Na2CO3 as an additive on the reduction behavior of titanium concentrate and titanium enrichment. Results demonstrate that under optimized conditions-reduction temperature of 1450 ºC, carbon dosage of 12%, and 10% Na2CO3 addition, the system significantly enhances the aggregation efficiency of impurities (Si, Mg, Al, Ca), promotes the reduction of FeTiO3, and facilitates the coarsening of metallic Fe particles. This methodology establishes an innovative technical approach for subsequent magnetic separation of Fe and hydrochloric acid leaching-based Ti enrichment processes.-
Key words:
- titanium concentrate /
- vacuum carbothermal reduction /
- thermodynamics /
- Na2CO3
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图 3 不同Na2CO3添加量下钛精矿主要物相变化
(a) 4% Na2CO3; (b) 6% Na2CO3; (c) 8% Na2CO3; (d) 10% Na2CO3
Figure 3. Phase change of titanium concentrate with different Na2CO3 additions
图 5 不同比例Na2CO3还原试样的SEM和面扫描
Figure 5. SEM and surface scanning images of samples reduced by different proportions of Na2CO3
(a) 10% Na2CO3；(b) 8% Na2CO3；(c) 6% Na2CO3；(d) 4% Na2CO3；(e) 0 Na2CO3
图 6 还原试样的
1000 倍点扫描及成分（a）无添加剂；（b）添加10% Na2CO3
Figure 6. Point scan of the samples reduced (×
1000 )
图 7 不同Na2CO3添加下还原残留物XRD变化
Figure 7. XRD patterns of reduced residues under different Na2CO3 additions
图 8 不同Na2CO3添加下还原试样Fe颗粒粒径分布
Figure 8. Particle size distribution of Fe particles in reduced samples under varying Na2CO3 Additions
表 1 钛精矿化学成分
Table 1. Chemical composition of titanium concentrate
% TiO2 Fe2O3 MgO SiO2 Al2O3 CaO Na2O SO3 45.826 40.395 5.677 4.205 1.667 0.828 0.15 0.426 
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表 2 焦炭化学成分
Table 2. Chemical composition of coke
% S P Solid carbon Volatile matter Ash Ash Fe2O3 CaO Al2O3 MgO SiO2 0.65 0.12 83.66 2.22 14.12 8.91 6.01 22.26 2.16 47.79
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