Study on microstructure and mechanical properties of bionic bone structure AZ91-Ti cross-composites
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摘要: 采用粉末冶金法结合无压渗透技术制备了仿生骨结构AZ91-Ti交叉复合材料，实现了强度和断裂韧性的同时提升。微观测试表明，Ti相连续分布且呈特定仿生骨架结构，Mg相交织于复合Ti骨架的连通孔中。AZ91-Ti界面处形成锯齿状Al2Ti相，增强了界面结合强度。力学测试表明，体积分数为50%的AZ91-Ti交叉复合材料具有最佳力学性能，屈服强度、抗拉强度、断裂韧性分别为383 MPa±3.5 MPa、489 MPa±4.9 MPa、36.2 MPa·m0.5。复合材料强度的提升来源于高仿生Ti骨架的载荷作用以及优异的界面结合，复合材料的增韧行为来源于Ti骨架仿生结构引起的裂纹绕曲以及Ti相拔出的能量逸散。Abstract: In this paper, AZ91-Ti cross composites with bionic bone structure were prepared by powder metallurgy combined with pressureless infiltration technology, which achieved the simultaneous improvement of strength and fracture toughness. Microscopic tests show that the Ti phase is continuously distributed and exhibits a specific bionic skeleton structure, and the Mg phase is interwoven into the connected pores of the Ti skeleton. The serrated Al2Ti phase is formed at the AZ91-Ti interface, which enhances the interfacial bonding strength. The mechanical tests show that the 50vol% AZ91-Ti cross-composite has the best mechanical properties. The yield strength, tensile strength and fracture toughness are 383 MPa±3.5 MPa, 489 MPa±4.9 MPa and 36.2 MPa·m0.5, respectively. The improvement of the strength of the composite is due to the load effect of the high bionic Ti skeleton and the excellent interface bonding. The toughening behavior of the composites comes from the crack winding caused by the Ti skeleton bionic structure and the energy dissipation of the Ti phase extraction.
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Key words:
- bionic bone structure /
- cross-composites /
- microstructure /
- mechanical properties
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图 2 不同尺寸Ti颗粒
Figure 2. Ti particles with different sizes
(a) 1～4 mm Ti; (b) 500～1 000 µm Ti
图 3 AZ91-Ti复合材料形貌
Figure 3. Morphology of AZ91-Ti composites
(a)(d) 40%AZ91-Ti; (b)(e) 50%AZ91-Ti; (c)(f) 60%AZ91-Ti.
图 4 50%AZ91-Ti复合材料分析结果
Figure 4. Analysis results of 50%AZ91-Ti composites
(a)~(c) SEM; (d) XRD; (e)~(g) EDS
图 6 AZ91-Ti复合材料拉伸断口形貌
Figure 6. The tensile fracture morphology of AZ91-Ti composites
(a)(d) 40%AZ91-Ti; (b)(e) 50%AZ91-Ti; (c)(f) 60%AZ91-Ti
图 8 标准压紧C(T)型试样断裂截面形貌
Figure 8. Fracture cross-section morphology of standard pressed C(T)specimen
(a)(d)(g) 40%AZ91-Ti; (b)(e)(h) 50%AZ91-Ti; (c)(f)(i) 60%AZ91-Ti
表 1 Ti颗粒化学成分
Table 1. Ti particle chemical compositions table
% 元素 主元素 杂质元素 Ti Fe C N H 标准值 Bal 0.15 ≤0.10 ≤0.03 ≤0.015 实测值 Bal 0.014 ≤0.005 ≤0.013 ≤ 0.0056 
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表 2 AZ91化学成分
Table 2. AZ91 chemical composition table
% Al Zn Mn Si Cu Ni Fe Be Mg 8.99 0.771 0.268 0.0092 0.0016 0.0007 0.0031 0.0008 Bal.
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表 3 Ti骨架实测孔隙率及平均值
Table 3. The measured porosity and average value of Ti skeleton
% 理论孔隙率 实测1 实测2 实测3 平均值 40 38.9 39.7 40.2 39.6 50 49.3 51.4 50.1 50.3 60 58.7 59.9 59.4 59.3
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表 4 AZ91-Ti复合材料密度
Table 4. Density of AZ91-Ti composites
仿生材料 理论密度/(g·cm−3) 测量密度/(g·cm−3) 致密度/% 40%AZ91-Ti 2.834 2.802 98.87 50%AZ91-Ti 2.593 2.551 98.38 60%AZ91-Ti 2.390 2.366 98.99
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表 5 AZ91-Ti、AZ91、Ti拉伸性能和比强度
Table 5. Tensile properties and specific strength of AZ91-Ti, AZ91 and Ti
材料 屈服强度/MPa 抗拉强度/MPa 应变/% 比强度/
(N·m·kg−1)40%AZ91-Ti 435±4.8 496±3.2 2.2±0.8 177.0 50%AZ91-Ti 383±3.5 489±4.9 3.5±1.1 191.7 60%AZ91-Ti 335±4.1 465±3.7 3.8±1.0 196.5 AZ91 124±1.7 217±2.4 5.1±0.6 119.3 Ti 410±3.1 550±4.2 12.7±1.3 122.0
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表 6 AZ91-Ti复合材料的杨氏模量和断裂韧性
Table 6. Young’s modulus and fracture toughness of AZ91-Ti composites
仿生材料 E/GPa JIC/
(kJ·m−2)JSS/
(kJ·m−2)KQ/
(MPa·m0.5)KSS/
(MPa·m0.5)40%AZ91-Ti 55.9 14.3 25.8 28.3 37.9 50%AZ91-Ti 54.9 23.9 41.1 36.2 47.5 60%AZ91-Ti 54.3 19.5 36.6 32.5 44.6
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