Research on the microstructure and properties of titanium alloy weld metal by laser-arc hybrid welding with different filler wires
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摘要: 为探明激光−电弧复合焊接中钛合金焊丝熔敷金属组织性能的演变，分别以Ti-6Al-4V和Ti-4Al-3V-1.5Zr焊丝为焊材，利用摆动激光-MIG复合焊接工艺制备钛合金焊丝熔敷金属，采用X射线探伤、OM、SEM和EBSD分析熔敷金属的缺陷、组织、物相成分、晶粒尺寸和断口形貌。采用拉伸试验机、冲击试验机及维氏硬度仪测试熔敷金属的强度、冲击功和硬度。结果表明：摆动激光-MIG复合焊接钛合金熔敷金属内部无明显气孔和裂纹；Ti-6Al-4V焊丝熔敷金属由针叶状α相和网篮状β相组成，晶粒较小，平均晶粒尺寸约7.96 µm，硬度（HV0.2）、抗拉强度和冲击吸收功分别为257、
1057 MPa和41.7 J；Ti-4Al-3V-1.5Zr焊丝熔敷金属主要由片层状α相构成，晶粒较大，平均晶粒尺寸为8.96 µm，硬度和抗拉强度较低，而冲击吸收功较大，冲击吸收功49.6 J。这与摆动激光复合焊熔敷工艺、Ti-6Al-4V中V元素的第二相强化和晶粒细化作用密切相关。-
关键词:
- 钛合金焊丝 /
- 摆动激光−电弧复合焊 /
- 熔敷金属 /
- 微观组织 /
- 力学性能
Abstract: To elucidate the evolution mechanism of the microstructure and properties of the titanium alloy during the welding process, deposited metal was prepared by oscillating laser-MIG hybrid welding with Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-4Al-3V-1.5Zr welding wires. Titanium alloy welding metal was characterized by X-ray detection, OM, SEM and EBSD to examine defects, tissue, phase composition, grain size, and fracture morphology. The tensile testing machine, impact testing machine and Vickers hardness instrument were employed to evaluate the strength, impact force, and hardness of the deposited metal. The results indicate that there are no obvious pores and cracks in the oscillating laser-arc hybrid welding titanium alloy. The deposited metal from Ti-6Al-4V wire consists of needle-like α phase and mesh-like β phase, with fine crystal grains averaging approximately 7.96 µm in size. The hardness (HV0.2), tensile strength, and impact absorption energy were measured at 257,1057 MPa and 41.7 J, respectively. In contract, the deposited metal from Ti-4Al-3V-1.5Zr wire is primarily composed of lamellar α phase, with larger grains averaging 8.96 µm. And this deposited metal exhibits lower hardness and tensile strength but relatively higher impact absorption energy of 49.6 J. These differences are attributed to the melting process of oscillating laser welding, the second-phase enhancement and grain refinement induced by vanadium Ti-6Al-4V. -
图 1 激光-MIG复合熔敷装置示意
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the oscillating laser-MIG hybrid welding device
图 4 上层、层间以及下层硬度测试位置示意
Figure 4. Schematic diagram of upper layer and bottom layer and the interface hardness test position
图 5 两种熔敷金属表面及探伤照片
(a)Ti-6Al-4V宏观形貌; (b)Ti-6Al-4V探伤底片; (c)Ti-4Al-3V-1.5Zr宏观形貌; (d)Ti-4Al-3V-1.5Zr探伤底片
Figure 5. Photos of two deposited metal surfaces and flaw
图 7 两种焊丝熔敷金属不同区域金相组织
Figure 7. Metallographic structure of two wire deposited metals in different areas
(a)~(d)Ti-6Al-4V; (e)~(h)Ti-4Al-3V-1.5Zr
图 8 两种熔敷金属EBSD晶粒分布
Figure 8. Distribution diagram of EBSD grains of the two deposited metals
(a)Ti-6Al-4V；(b)Ti-4Al-3V-1.5Zr
图 9 两种熔敷材料的金属组织及EDS图
Figure 9. Metal tissue and EDS diagram of the two deposited materials
(a)(b)Ti-6Al-4V；(c)(d)Ti-4Al-3V-1.5Zr
图 10 两种熔敷材料的硬度分布
(a)纵向硬度分布；(b)横向层间硬度分布
Figure 10. Hardness distribution of the two deposited materials
图 11 拉伸断口形貌
(a)Ti-6Al-4V断口扫描；(b)Ti-4Al-3V-1.5Zr断口扫描
Figure 11. Tensile fracture morphology
表 1 Ti-6Al-4V和Ti-4Al-3V-1.5Zr焊丝化学成分
Table 1. Chemical compositions of Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-4Al-3V-1.5Zr wires
% 材料 Al V Fe O C N H Si Zr Ti Ti-6Al-4V 6.15 4.15 0.025 0.11 0.036 0.006 0.001 余量 Ti-4Al-3V-1.5Zr 3.75 2.36 0.09 0.15 0.028 0.025 0.002 0.06 1.13 余量 
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表 2 摆动激光-MIG复合熔敷参数
Table 2. Parameters of oscillating laser-MIG hybrid welding
层数 激光功率/kW 激光摆动频率/Hz 激光摆动幅度/mm 熔敷速度/（m·min−1） 光丝间距/mm 电弧电流/A 机器人摆动幅度/mm 1～5 2 300 1 0.2～0.4 2 180～220 4～10
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表 3 各区域平均晶粒尺寸
Table 3. Average grain size of each region
μm 材料 下层晶粒尺寸 层间晶粒尺寸 上层晶粒尺寸 Ti-6Al-4V 9.35 6.984 7.55 Ti-4Al-3V-1.5Zr 9.649 8.4 8.84
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表 4 抗拉强度和断后伸长率
Table 4. Tensile strength and elongation
材料 抗拉强度 Rm/MPa 断后伸长率 A/% Ti-6Al-4V 1057 9.5 Ti-4Al-3V-1.5Zr 896 13.3
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表 5 熔敷金属吸收功
Table 5. Impact absorption energy of the deposited metal
材料 吸收功/J 平均值/J Ti-6Al-4V 40.9， 41.8， 42.4 41.7 Ti-4Al-3V-1.5Zr 48.9，50.2，49.7 49.6
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