双碳目标下CO<sub>2</sub>化学转化技术的研究进展

李函霏; 刘芳; 安宁; 孙中琦; 陈鹏; 王飞

doi:10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2025.04.014

双碳目标下CO₂化学转化技术的研究进展

doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2025.04.014

海洋装备金属材料及其应用全国重点实验室, 鞍钢集团钢铁研究院, 辽宁鞍山 114009

详细信息

作者简介:
李函霏，1993年出生，女，辽宁鞍山人，硕士研究生，工程师，研究方向：CO₂资源化利用，E-mail：ag_lihanfei@163.com

中图分类号: X701
计量
- 文章访问数: 82
- HTML全文浏览量: 39
- PDF下载量: 6
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-09-05
- 网络出版日期: 2025-08-31
- 刊出日期: 2025-08-31

Research progress of CO₂ chemical conversion technology under the dual-carbon target

State Key Laboratory of Metallic Materials for Marine Equipment and Applications, Ansteel Iron & Steel Research Institute, Anshan 114009, Liaoning, China

摘要

摘要: 为了应对全球气候变化的严峻挑战，我国明确提出碳中和的战略目标。发展CO₂利用技术是实现双碳目标的关键。通过CO₂利用技术将CO₂转化为有价值的产品和资源，不仅可以实现CO₂排放的减量化，还可以带来经济效益。基于双碳目标的战略需求与CO₂利用技术的发展趋势及重要性，重点综述了我国CO₂化学转化技术的研究进展，系统分析了光催化、电催化、热催化还原三大技术路线的研究现状，探讨了这些技术面临的挑战和潜在的解决方案。最后，对我国CO₂化学转化技术的未来发展提出了建议。
- 双碳目标 /
- CO₂化学转化 /
- CO₂加氢 /
- CO₂催化
Abstract: To address the severe challenges presented by global climate change, China has explicitly proposed the strategic goal of achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. Developing suitable CO₂ utilization technology is the key to achieve the so-called Dual Carbon Goals. Converting CO₂ into valuable products and resources through such technologies not only enables the reduction of carbon emissions but also generates economic benefits. Based on the strategic demands of the Dual Carbon Goals as well as the developmental trends and significance of CO₂ utilization technologies, this review focuses on the research progress in CO₂ chemical conversion technologies in China. It systematically describes the current status of three major technical pathways—photocatalytic, electrocatalytic, and thermocatalytic reduction—while discussing the challenges faced by these technologies and corresponding potential solutions. Finally, recommendations are proposed for the future development of CO₂ chemical conversion technologies in China.
- Dual Carbon Goals /
- CO₂ chemical conversion /
- CO₂ hydrogenation /
- CO₂ catalysis

HTML全文

图 1 光催化还原CO₂基本原理^[11]

Figure 1. Basic principle diagram of photocatalytic reduction of CO₂^[11]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 CRR反应可能的活化模式和中间体^[17]

Figure 2. Possible activation mode and intermediates of CRR reaction^[17]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 CO₂在Cu-Ag/TiO₂催化剂上的光催化还原过程^[18]

Figure 3. Photocatalytic reduction process of CO₂ on Cu-Ag/TiO₂ catalyst^[18]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 量子点光催化还原CO₂^[20]

(a)不同半导体量子点作为光催化剂的光催化CO₂还原反应速率; (b)相同条件下不同CdS壳层厚度修饰的CdSe量子点的光催化CO₂还原速率; (c) 催化剂的循环利用; (d) 量子点光催化AM1.5G光源下CO₂还原产物随时间的变化; (e) ¹³C气氛中不同光照时间的光催化气体产物GC-MS谱图; (f) 450 nmLED照射下¹³CO增长与¹³CO₂衰减动力学曲线

Figure 4. Photocatalytic reduction of CO₂ by quantum dots^[20]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 CO₂还原的电极材料和反应产物示意^[24]

Figure 5. Schematic diagram of electrode materials and reaction products reduced by CO₂^[24]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 电催化还原CO₂生成不同产物法拉第效率^[24]

Figure 6. Faraday efficiency of electrocatalytic reduction of CO₂ to generate different products^[24]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 CO₂加氢合成碳氢化合物的技术路线^[29]

Figure 7. Technical route of CO₂ hydrogenation to synthesize hydrocarbons^[29]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 Fe(Zn,Cu,Mn)-Na催化剂的CO₂加氢反应性能^[36]

Figure 8. CO₂ hydrogenation reaction performance of Fe(Zn,Cu,Mn)-Na catalyst^[36]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 负载型催化剂和本体催化剂在反应前后的稳定性^[37]

Figure 9. Stability of loaded catalyst and ontological catalyst before and after the reaction^[37]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

参考文献(50)

[1]	IEA. IEA (2024), CO₂ Emissions in 2023[Z/OL]. https://www.iea.org/reports/co2-emissions-in-2023.
[2]	ZHOU Z X, GAO P. Direct carbon dioxide hydrogenation to produce bulk chemicals and liquid fuels via heterogeneous catalysis[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2022, 43(8): 2045-2056. doi: 10.1016/S1872-2067(22)64107-X
[3]	LI C X, ZHANG Y, ZHANG K X, et al. Research on resource utilization of CO₂ in steel industry[J]. Materials Reports, 2023, 37(S2): 468-473. (李晨晓, 张昀, 张凯璇, 等. 钢铁行业中CO₂资源化利用的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2023, 37(S2): 468-473. LI C X, ZHANG Y, ZHANG K X, et al. Research on resource utilization of CO₂ in steel industry[J]. Materials Reports, 2023, 37（S2）: 468-473.
[4]	ÁLVAREZ A, BANSODE A, URAKAWA A, et al. Challenges in the greener production of formates/formic acid, methanol, and DME by heterogeneously catalyzed CO₂ hydrogenation processes[J]. Chemical reviews, 2017, 117(14): 9804-9838. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00816
[5]	RODRIGUEZ J A, EVANS J, FERIA L, et al. CO₂ hydrogenation on Au/TiC, Cu/TiC, and Ni/TiC catalysts: Production of CO, methanol, and methane[J]. Journal of catalysis, 2013, 307: 162-169. doi: 10.1016/j.jcat.2013.07.023
[6]	WANG F, HARINDINTWALI J D, YUAN Z Z, et al. Technologies and perspectives for achieving carbon neutrality[J]. The innovation, 2021, 2(4):100180.
[7]	LIU J Y, LI P S, JIA S Q, et al. Electrocatalytic CO₂ hydrogenation to C₂₊ alcohols catalysed by Pr–Cu oxide heterointerfaces[J]. Nature Synthesis, 2025: 1-14.
[8]	ONO S, KANEGA R, KAWANAMI H. Direct formic acid production by CO₂ hydrogenation with Ir complexes in HFIP under supercritical conditions[J]. Organometallics, 2024, 43(19): 2213-2220. doi: 10.1021/acs.organomet.4c00229
[9]	RONDA-LLORET M, ROTHENBERG G, SHIJU N R. A critical look at direct catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to olefins[J]. ChemSusChem, 2019, 12(17): 3896-3914. doi: 10.1002/cssc.201900915
[10]	ZHAO J B, BIAN F M. Progress on basis and application of CO₂ chemical conversion technologies[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(S1): 524-535. (赵锦波, 卞凤鸣. CO₂化学转化基础与应用研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(S1): 524-535. ZHAO J B, BIAN F M. Progress on basis and application of CO₂ chemical conversion technologies[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41（S1）: 524-535.
[11]	NANDAL N, JAIN S L. A review on progress and perspective of molecular catalysis in photoelectrochemical reduction of CO₂[J]. Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 2022, 451: 214271. doi: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214271
[12]	WU H, MENG F M. Research progress of modified nano-TiO₂ composite materials in the field of photocatalysis[J]. Material Sciences, 2021, 11: 1003. (吴昊, 孟凡明. 改性纳米TiO₂复合材料在光催化领域研究进展[J]. 材料科学, 2021, 11: 1003. doi: 10.12677/MS.2021.119116 WU H, MENG F M. Research progress of modified nano-TiO₂ composite materials in the field of photocatalysis[J]. Material Sciences, 2021, 11: 1003. doi: 10.12677/MS.2021.119116
[13]	ZHANG X, ZHANG Z Q, SUN Y D, et al. A review on WO₃-based composite photocatalysts: synthesis, catalytic mechanism and diversified applications[J]. Rare Metals, 2024: 1-19.
[14]	QIAN Y, ZHANG F, PANG H. A review of MOFs and their composites-based photocatalysts: synthesis and applications[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2021, 31(37): 2104231. doi: 10.1002/adfm.202104231
[15]	ZHAO B B, ZHONG W, CHEN F, et al. High-crystalline g-C₃N₄ photocatalysts: Synthesis, structure modulation, and H₂-evolution application[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2023, 52(9): 127. (赵彬彬, 钟威, 陈峰, 等. 高晶化 g-C₃N₄ 光催化剂: 合成, 结构调控和光催化产氢[J]. 催化学报, 2023, 52(9): 127. ZHAO B B, ZHONG W, CHEN F, et al. High-crystalline g-C₃N₄ photocatalysts: Synthesis, structure modulation, and H₂-evolution application[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2023, 52（9）: 127.
[16]	NING S, OU H, LI Y, et al. Co⁰- Co^δ+ Interface double-site-mediated C−C coupling for the photothermal conversion of CO₂ into light olefins[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2023, 62(23): e202302253. doi: 10.1002/anie.202302253
[17]	DU C Y, SHENG J P, ZHONG F Y, et al. Rational design and mechanistic insights of advanced photocatalysts for CO₂ to C₂₊ production: Status and challenges[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2024, 60(5): 25. (杜晨宇, 盛剑平, 钟丰忆, 等. 光催化二氧化碳还原制多碳产物的先进光催化剂设计与机制: 现状与挑战[J]. 催化学报, 2024, 60(5): 25. DU C Y, SHENG J P, ZHONG F Y, et al. Rational design and mechanistic insights of advanced photocatalysts for CO₂ to C₂₊ production: Status and challenges[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2024, 60(5): 25.
[18]	YU Y Y, HE Y, YAN P, et al. Boosted C–C coupling with Cu–Ag alloy sub-nanoclusters for CO₂-to-C₂H₄ photosynthesis[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2023, 120(44): e2307320120. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2307320120
[19]	WU H L, LI X B, TUNG C H, et al. Semiconductor quantum dots: an emerging candidate for CO₂ photoreduction[J]. Advanced Materials, 2019, 31(36): 1900709. doi: 10.1002/adma.201900709
[20]	GUO Q, LIANG F, LI X B, et al. Efficient and selective CO₂ reduction integrated with organic synthesis by solar energy[J]. Chem, 2019, 5(10): 2605-2616. doi: 10.1016/j.chempr.2019.06.019
[21]	BAI Z M, LIU H H, CHEN K Y, et al. Recent progress on chemical conversion of carbon dioxide[J]. Shandong Chemical Industry, 2018, 47(11): 70-72, 76. (白振敏, 刘慧宏, 陈科宇, 等. 二氧化碳化学转化技术研究进展[J]. 山东化工, 2018, 47(11): 70-72, 76. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-021X.2018.11.030 BAI Z M, LIU H H, CHEN K Y, et al. Recent progress on chemical conversion of carbon dioxide[J]. Shandong Chemical Industry, 2018, 47（11）: 70-72, 76. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-021X.2018.11.030
[22]	KONG X Y, XIE L, WANG Y M, et al. CO₂ capture and resource utilization[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(3): 1187-1198. (孔祥宇, 谢亮, 王延民, 等. CO₂的捕集及资源化利用[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(3): 1187-1198. KONG X Y, XIE L, WANG Y M, et al. CO₂ capture and resource utilization[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41（3）: 1187-1198.
[23]	QIAO J, LIU Y, HONG F, et al. A review of catalysts for the electroreduction of carbon dioxide to produce low-carbon fuels[J]. Chemical Society Reviews, 2014, 43(2): 631-675. doi: 10.1039/C3CS60323G
[24]	ZHENG Y B, ZHANG Q, SHI J, et al. Research progress of catalysts for electrocatalytic reduction of CO₂ to various products[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(3): 1209-1223. (郑元波, 张前, 石坚, 等. 电催化还原CO₂生成多种产物催化剂研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(3): 1209-1223. ZHENG Y B, ZHANG Q, SHI J, et al. Research progress of catalysts for electrocatalytic reduction of CO₂ to various products[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41（3）: 1209-1223.
[25]	SU W L, FAN Y. Progress of electrocatalytic reduction of CO₂ on metal-based materials[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(3): 1384-1394. (苏文礼, 范煜. 金属基材料电催化CO₂还原的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(3): 1384-1394. SU W L, FAN Y. Progress of electrocatalytic reduction of CO₂ on metal-based materials[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40（3）: 1384-1394.
[26]	CHEN H, LI Z H, ZHANG Z H, et al. Synthesis of composition-tunable syngas from efficiently electrochemical conversion of CO₂ over AuCu/CNT bimetallic catalyst[J]. 2019, 58(34): 15425-15431.
[27]	YAN X, CHEN C, WU Y, et al. Efficient electroreduction of CO₂ to C₂₊ products on CeO₂ modified CuO[J]. Chemical science, 2021, 12(19): 6638-6645. doi: 10.1039/D1SC01117K
[28]	CHEN C J, YAN X P, LIU S J, et al. Highly efficient electroreduction of CO₂ to C₂⁺ alcohols on heterogeneous dual active sites[J]. Angewandte Chemie, 2020, 132(38): 16601-16606. doi: 10.1002/ange.202006847
[29]	GUO L S, SUN J, GE Q J, et al. Recent advances in direct catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to valuable C₂₊ hydrocarbons[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2018, 6(46): 23244-23262. doi: 10.1039/C8TA05377D
[30]	JIA J Y, SHAN Y L, TUO Y X, et al. Review of iron-based catalysts for carbon dioxide fischer–tropsch synthesis[J]. transactions of Tianjin University, 2024: 1-20.
[31]	LI J, HE Y L, TAN L, et al. Integrated tuneable synthesis of liquid fuels via Fischer–Tropsch technology[J]. Nature Catalysis, 2018, 1(10): 787-793. doi: 10.1038/s41929-018-0144-z
[32]	ZHENG Y H, XU C H, ZHANG X, et al. Synergistic effect of Alkali Na and K promoter on Fe-Co-Cu-Al catalysts for CO₂ hydrogenation to light hydrocarbons[J]. Catalysts, 2021, 11(6): 735. doi: 10.3390/catal11060735
[33]	YANG S, CHUN H J, LEE S, et al. Comparative study of olefin production from CO and CO₂ using Na-and K-promoted zinc ferrite[J]. ACS Catalysis, 2020, 10(18): 10742-10759. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02429
[34]	NASRIDDINOV K, MIN J E, PARK H G, et al. Effect of Co, Cu, and Zn on FeAlK catalysts in CO₂ hydrogenation to C₅₊ hydrocarbons[J]. Catalysis Science & Technology, 2022, 12(3): 906-915.
[35]	XU Y, ZHAI P, DENG Y C, et al. Highly selective olefin production from CO₂ hydrogenation on iron catalysts: a subtle synergy between manganese and sodium additives[J]. Angewandte Chemie, 2020, 132(48): 21920-21928. doi: 10.1002/ange.202009620
[36]	YANG H Y, DANG Y R, CUI X, et al. Selective synthesis of olefins via CO₂ hydrogenation over transition-metal-doped iron-based catalysts[J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2023, 321: 122050. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2022.122050
[37]	TORRES GALVIS H M, DE JONG K P. Catalysts for production of lower olefins from synthesis gas: a review[J]. ACS catalysis, 2013, 3(9): 2130-2149. doi: 10.1021/cs4003436
[38]	MA G Y, XU Y F, WANG J, et al. Research progress of iron-based catalyst for converting syngas directly to light olefins[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2018, 37(3): 992-1000. (马光远, 徐艳飞, 王捷, 等. 合成气直接法制取低碳烯烃铁基催化体系研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2018, 37(3): 992-1000. MA G Y, XU Y F, WANG J, et al. Research progress of iron-based catalyst for converting syngas directly to light olefins[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2018, 37（3）: 992-1000.
[39]	HE X, CHEN D R, WANG W N. Bimetallic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) synthesized using the spray method for tunable CO₂ adsorption[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2020, 382: 122825. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2019.122825
[40]	ZENG G T, QIU J, LI Z, et al. CO₂ reduction to methanol on TiO₂-passivated GaP photocatalysts[J]. ACS Catalysis, 2014, 4(10): 3512-3516. doi: 10.1021/cs500697w
[41]	CIMINO S, BOCCIA F, LISI L. Effect of alkali promoters (Li, Na, K) on the performance of Ru/Al₂O₃ catalysts for CO₂ capture and hydrogenation to methane[J]. Journal of CO₂ Utilization, 2020, 37: 195-203. doi: 10.1016/j.jcou.2019.12.010
[42]	WANG Z Q, XU Z N, PENG S Y, et al. High-performance and long-lived Cu/SiO₂ nanocatalyst for CO₂ hydrogenation[J]. ACS Catalysis, 2015, 5(7): 4255-4259. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.5b00682
[43]	WANG S W, WU T J, LIN J, et al. Iron–potassium on single-walled carbon nanotubes as efficient catalyst for CO₂ hydrogenation to heavy olefins[J]. Acs Catalysis, 2020, 10(11): 6389-6401. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00810
[44]	JOHNSON G R, BELL A T. Role of ZrO₂ in promoting the activity and selectivity of Co-based fischer–tropsch synthesis catalysts[J]. ACS Catalysis, 2016, 6(1): 100-114. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.5b02205
[45]	WU T J, LIN J, CHENG Y, et al. Porous graphene-confined Fe–K as highly efficient catalyst for CO₂ direct hydrogenation to light olefins[J]. ACS applied materials & interfaces, 2018, 10(28): 23439-23443.
[46]	XU M J, ZHU M H, CHEN T Y, et al. High value utilization of CO₂: research progress of catalyst for hydrogenation of CO₂ to methanol[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(2): 565-576. (徐敏杰, 朱明辉, 陈天元, 等. CO₂高值化利用: CO₂加氢制甲醇催化剂研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(2): 565-576. XU M J, ZHU M H, CHEN T Y, et al. High value utilization of CO₂: research progress of catalyst for hydrogenation of CO₂ to methanol[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40（2）: 565-576.
[47]	SUN K H, ZHANG Z T, SHEN C Y, et al. The feasibility study of the indium oxide supported silver catalyst for selective hydrogenation of CO₂ to methanol[J]. Green Energy & Environment, 2022, 7(4): 807-817.
[48]	WU C Y, LIN L L, LIU J J, et al. Inverse ZrO₂/Cu as a highly efficient methanol synthesis catalyst from CO₂ hydrogenation[J]. Nature communications, 2020, 11(1): 5767. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-19634-8
[49]	LI M M J, ZENG Z Y, LIAO F L, et al. Enhanced CO₂ hydrogenation to methanol over CuZn nanoalloy in Ga modified Cu/ZnO catalysts[J]. Journal of Catalysis, 2016, 343: 157-167. doi: 10.1016/j.jcat.2016.03.020
[50]	SUN X, LI H. Recent progress of Ga-based liquid metals in catalysis[J]. RSC advances, 2022, 12(38): 24946-24957. doi: 10.1039/D2RA04795K