Study on the effects of high-frequency induction heated sintering and hot isostatic pressing sintering on microstructure and properties of powder metallurgy high-speed steel
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摘要: 以国产气雾化高速钢粉末为原料，通过高频感应加热烧结和热等静压烧结两种工艺制备粉末高速钢，研究了不同工艺对材料致密化、微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明，高频感应加热烧结工艺在短时低压下可制备出致密度接近95%的粉末高速钢，虽略低于热等静压工艺，但生产效率更高；在微观组织上，两种工艺制备的粉末高速钢表现出显著差异：高频感应加热烧结粉末高速钢由铁素体基体与大量类网状碳化物组成，热等静压烧结粉末高速钢则由铁素体基体与大量均匀分布的条块状碳化物组成。虽然高频感应加热烧结粉末高速钢的显微硬度、屈服强度、抗拉强度与延伸率略低于热等静压烧结样品，但性能仍相近。高频感应加热烧结工艺能够在短时间和低成本条件下制备出性能优异的粉末高速钢产品，特别适用于对成本和生产周期有较高要求的工业领域。Abstract: The effects of high frequency induction heated sintering (HFIHS) and hot isostatic pressing (HIP) processes on the densification, microstructure and mechanical properties of prepared powder metallurgy high speed steel (PM-HSS) were studied. The results show that the HFIHS process can be used to prepare PM-HSS with a density of nearly 95% under short-time and low-pressure conditions, which is slightly lower than that prepared by HIP. In terms of microstructure, the PM-HSS produced by these two processes show significant differences: The sample prepared by HFIHS is composed of ferrite matrix and a large number of reticular carbides, while the other produced by HIP is composed of ferrite matrix and a large number of homogenously distributed strip carbides. Although the micro-hardness, yield strength, tensile strength and elongation of the high speed steel sintered by HFIHS process were lower than those of the HIPed sample, the performance is still similar. This finding indicates that the HFIHS process can be used to prepare PM-HSS products with excellent performance in a short time and at low cost, thus it is especially suitable for industrial fields with high requirements for cost and production cycle.
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图 1 (a)粉末SEM形貌；(b)粉末粒径分布；(c)粉末EBSD晶粒取向分布；(d)粉末EBSD质量；(e)高频感应加热烧结工艺；(f)热等静压工艺
Figure 1. (a) SEM diagram of powder morphology; (b) Powder particle size distribution graph; (c) Grain orientation distribution diagram of powder EBSD; (d) Powder EBSD quality diagram; (e) High frequency induction heated sintering process diagram; (f) HIP process diagram
图 2 室温拉伸试样（单位：mm）
Figure 2. Diagram of tensile test sample at room temperature (unit: mm)
图 3 （a）高频感应加热烧结样品截面形貌; （b）热等静压样品截面形貌; （c）高频感应加热烧结样品截面孔隙分布宏观形貌
Figure 3. (a) SEM diagram of cross section of HFIHS sample; (b) SEM diagram of cross section of HIP sample; (c) Macroscopic diagram of cross-sectional pore distribution of HFIHS sample
图 5 粉末高速钢腐蚀后的显微形貌
（a）（b）高频感应加热烧结粉末高速钢及局部放大；（c）(d)热等静压粉末高速钢及局部放大
Figure 5. Microstructure of powder metallurgy high-speed steel after corrosion
图 6 碳化物评价参数统计
（a）碳化物粒径统计；（b）碳化物圆形度统计
Figure 6. Statistical graph of carbide evaluation parameters
图 7 粉末高速钢EBSD晶粒取向分布
(a)高频感应加热烧结粉末高速钢；(b)热等静压粉末高速钢
Figure 7. EBSD image showing grain orientation map of PM-HSS
图 9 粉末高速钢坯料的力学性能
(a)显微硬度；(b)拉伸性能；(c)应力-应变曲线
Figure 9. Mechanical properties of powder metallurgy high-speed steel
图 10 粉末高速钢的拉伸断口形貌
(a)～(c) 高频感应加热烧结样品拉伸断口及局部放大；(d)(e) 热等静压样品拉伸断口及局部放大
Figure 10. Tensile fracture morphology of powder metallurgy high-speed steel
表 1 高速钢粉末化学成分
Table 1. Chemical composition of high-speed steel powder
% C Cr V Mo Si W Mn N Fe 1.97 19.7 4.0 0.97 0.7 0.6 0.3 0.21 余量 
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