Influence of niobium precipitates on the hydrogen-induced cracking resistance of X80 pipeline steel
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摘要: 研究了Nb含量对X80管线钢中析出相特征、氢扩散行为、抗氢致裂纹(HIC)性能的影响。结果表明：随着钢中Nb含量增加，在相同的统计面积下，钢中纳米级析出相数量由Nb1钢（含铌0.04%）中的87个增加到Nb3钢（含铌0.12%）中的506个，钢中NbC占比由64.82%增加到98.22%。氢原子在钢中的扩散系数由Nb1钢中的1.63×10−6 cm2/s降低到Nb3钢中的9.35×10−7 cm2/s。钢中裂纹的扩展模式由Nb1钢中沿晶、穿晶混合变为Nb2、Nb3钢中的以穿晶为主。纳米级NbC可作为氢陷阱捕获钢中可扩散氢原子，降低氢原子的聚集和钢中氢致裂纹的萌生。当钢中Nb含量为0.12%时，钢的抗HIC性能最好。Abstract: The effects of Nb content on the precipitated phase characteristics, hydrogen diffusion behavior and hydrogen-induced crack resistance (HIC) performance in X80 pipeline steel were studied. The results show that with the increase of Nb content in steel, the number of nanoscale precipitated phases in steel increases from 87 in Nb1 steel with niobium 0.04wt% to 506 in Nb3 steel with niobium 0.12wt%, and the proportion of NbC in steel increases from 64.82% to 98.22% under the same statistical area. The diffusion coefficient of hydrogen atoms in steel decreases from 1.63×10−6 cm2/s in Nb1 steel to 9.35×10−7 cm2/s in Nb3 steel. The propagation mode of cracks in steel has changed from the mixing of grain along and through grain in Nb1 steel to the main penetration in Nb2 and Nb3 steels. Nanoscale NbC particles can be used as hydrogen traps to fix diffusible hydrogen atoms in steel, then reduce the aggregation of hydrogen atoms and the initiation of hydrogen-induced cracks in steel. The experimental result indicates that 0.12wt%Nb steel achieves the best resistance to HIC.
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Key words:
- X80 pipeline steel /
- niobium precipitation phase /
- hydrogen diffusion /
- HIC
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图 2 氢渗透试验示意
1-参比电极；2-试样；3,4-铂电极
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of hydrogen permeation experiment
图 3 含Nb试验钢平衡相析出行为
(a) Nb1; (b) Nb2; (c) Nb3
Figure 3. Equilibrium phase precipitation behavior of niobium-containing steels
图 4 三种试验钢中析出相形貌及尺寸分布
Figure 4. The morphology and size distribution of the precipitated phases in the three test steels
(a)(d)Nb1；(b)(e)Nb2；(c)(f)Nb3
图 6 三种试验钢显微组织
Figure 6. Microstructure of three different experimental steels
(a)Nb1；(b)Nb2；(c)Nb3
图 9 夹杂物作为裂纹源的SEM图像及能谱分析
(a) SEM图像; (b)能谱分析
Figure 9. SEM image and energy spectrum analysis of inclusions as crack sources
图 10 试验钢裂纹扩展模式SEM图像
Figure 10. SEM image of crack propagation modes in different experimental steels
(a) Nb1; (b) Nb2; (c) Nb3
表 1 试验钢化学成分
Table 1. The chemical compositions of experimental steels
% 编号 C Si Mn S Mo Nb Ti Cr Ni Nb1 0.056 0.20 1.81 0.004 0.11 0.04 0.01 0.26 0.26 Nb2 0.056 0.20 1.82 0.005 0.11 0.08 0.01 0.26 0.25 Nb3 0.058 0.20 1.82 0.005 0.11 0.12 0.01 0.26 0.25 
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表 2 含铌钢中NbC平衡相的析出参数
Table 2. Precipitation parameters of the NbC equilibrium phase in niobium-containing steels
编号 析出温度/℃ 最大析出质量分数 Nb1 1070 6.89×10−4 Nb2 1150 1.3×10−3 Nb3 1200 2.0×10−3
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表 3 试验钢中不同析出相占比和平均尺寸
Table 3. Proportions and average sizes of different precipitated phases in experimental steels
编号 TiN NbC 占比/% 平均尺寸/nm 占比/% 平均尺寸/nm Nb1 35.18 44.8 64.82 9.0 Nb2 4.82 58.8 95.18 10.4 Nb3 1.78 40.0 98.22 10.3
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表 4 试验钢氢渗透参数
Table 4. Hydrogen permeation parameters of different experimental steels
编号 L/mm I∞/μA tL/s J∞×10−10/(mol·cm−2·s−1) Dapp×10−6/(cm2·s−1) Capp×10−5/(mol·cm−3) NT×1020/cm−3 Nb1 1.14 21.5 1329 1.27 1.63 0.885 1.38 Nb2 1.14 20.7 2163 1.22 1.00 1.39 3.53 Nb3 1.18 20.0 2481 1.18 0.935 1.49 4.05
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