Numerical simulation of continuous solidification process for blast furnace slag droplets
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摘要: 高炉渣熔滴在冷却过程中的结晶行为会降低其商业价值，为了研究不同冷却条件下熔滴的凝固行为特征，将熔滴的飞行模型以及高炉渣结晶模型相结合对熔滴的连续凝固过程进行了数值模拟研究。结果表明：熔滴粒径的增加会导致其表面结壳所需距离大幅度增加，冷却后的平均晶相含量也会增加，熔滴粒径通过影响内部导热速率与冷却均匀性，成为主导凝固行为与晶相生长的关键因素。5 mm 熔滴在 15 m/s 初速度下，冷却全程不反熔需水平飞行 16 m，当对流换热系数从70 W/（m2·K）提至150 W/（m2·K） 时，所需距离缩短至 12 m。冷却条件需相互匹配，即表面结壳时延长飞行距离可降低初级流化床内冷却强度要求，增大初级流化床内冷却强度能缩小造粒装置尺寸。Abstract: The crystallization behavior of granulated blast furnace slag droplets during cooling reduces their commercial value. In order to investigate the solidification characteristics of droplets under varying cooling conditions, a numerical simulation of the continuous solidification process was performed by integrating a droplet flight model with an enthalpy-based slag crystallization model. The results show that an increase in droplet size leads to a significant increase in the distance required for surface crust formation, and also results in an increase in the average crystalline phase content after cooling. Droplet size becomes a key factor governing solidification behavior and crystalline phase growth by influencing internal heat conduction rates and cooling uniformity. A 5-mm molten droplet at 15 m/s initial velocity requires 16 m horizontal flight to avoid remelting during cooling; increasing the primary fluidized bed convective heat transfer coefficient from 70 W·m−2·K−1 to 150 W·m−2·K−1 shortens this distance to 12 m. Two-stage molten droplet cooling must be matched: extending flight distance during surface crust formation reduces bed cooling intensity requirements, while increasing bed cooling intensity decreases granulation device size.
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Key words:
- blast furnace slag /
- enthalpy /
- solidification /
- crystallization /
- numerical simulation
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图 5 不同高度处高炉渣玻璃相含量的对比
Figure 5. Comparison of vitreous phase content of blast furnace slag at different heights
图 6 熔滴表面温度随水平飞行距离的演化
Figure 6. Evolution of droplet surface temperature with horizontal flight distance
图 7 熔滴表面结壳时的水平飞行距离演化
Figure 7. Evolution of horizontal flight distance when the droplet surface is crusted
图 8 熔滴的温度演化和晶相分布
(a)温度演化；(b)晶相分布
Figure 8. Temperature evolution and crystal phase content distribution inside the droplet
图 9 不同水平飞行距离下熔滴内部的温度分布
Figure 9. Temperature distribution inside the droplet under different horizontal flight distances
图 10 不同水平飞行距离下熔滴内的温度演化和晶相含量分布
(a)温度演化；(b)晶相含量
Figure 10. Temperature evolution and crystal phase content distribution inside the droplet under different horizontal flight distances
图 11 不同对流换热系数下熔滴的温度演化和平均晶相含量演化
(a)温度演化；(b)平均晶相含量演化
Figure 11. Temperature evolution and average crystal phase content evolution inside the droplet under various convective heat transfer coefficients
图 12 三个重要参数随对流换热系数的变化
Figure 12. Variation of three key parameters with convective heat transfer coefficient
图 13 不同粒径熔滴在水平飞行距离为12 m时的内部温度分布
Figure 13. Temperature distribution inside the droplet at horizontal flight distance of 12 m under various droplet diameters
图 14 三个重要参数随熔滴粒径的变化
Figure 14. Variation of three key parameters with droplet diameter
图 15 熔滴粒径对水平飞行距离及临界对流换热系数的影响
Figure 15. Effect of droplet diameter on horizontal flight distance and critical heat transfer coefficient
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