Study on the effect of rolling process on the deformation resistance of low carbon micro-Nb steel and its model
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摘要: 金属变形时的变形抗力受到多种因素的影响，其中变形温度、变形工艺以及应变诱导相变均会对变形抗力造成影响。以低碳微Nb钢为对象，在Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机上进行热压缩试验，同时在高温激光共聚焦显微镜上辅助观察常规热装和高温直轧两种工艺下的高温原位形貌。结果表明，随着变形温度从800 ℃上升到
1050 ℃，高温直轧工艺下的最大变形抗力从220.9 MPa降低到138.9 MPa，而常规热装工艺下的最大变形抗力从227.9 MPa降低到143.8 MPa。这主要是因为随着温度的升高，热激活能逐渐加强，位错运动更加容易，使得变形抗力降低。此外，在相同温度变形时，常规热装工艺的变形抗力大于高温直轧工艺，这是由于常规热装工艺下的原始奥氏体晶粒尺寸（98.7 μm）小于高温直轧工艺（107.0 μm）。常规热装工艺在再次加热前的降温过程中会发生铁素体相变，再加热后重新奥氏体化，使得新生成的奥氏体晶粒要小于原始奥氏体晶粒，故常规热装工艺下晶粒尺寸小，细晶强化作用更强，导致变形抗力的增加。与此同时，对不同轧制工艺下变形抗力试验数据利用管克智、周纪华变形抗力模型进行拟合修正，建立了试验钢在高温变形时的变形抗力预测模型，常规热装工艺模型和高温直轧工艺模型的决定系数R2分别达到了0.9865 和0.9826 ，表明模型的预测结果与试验结果拟合程度较高。Abstract: The deformation resistance of metals during deformation is influenced by various factors. Among them, the deformation temperature, deformation process, and strain-induced phase transformation all have an impact on the deformation resistance. This article focuses on low carbon micro-Nb steel and conducts thermal compression experiments using a Gleeble-3500 thermal simulation testing machine. Simultaneously, the in-situ high-temperature morphology under conventional hot charging and high-temperature direct rolling was observed by high-temperature laser confocal microscope. The results show that as the deformation temperature increases from 800 ℃ to 1050 ℃, the maximum deformation resistance during high-temperature direct rolling decreases from 220.9 MPa to 138.9 MPa, while the maximum deformation resistance under the conventional hot charging process decreases from 227.9 MPa to 143.8 MPa. It is mainly because when the deformation temperature gradually increases, the thermal activation energy is enhanced, and the movement of dislocation becomes easier, which leads to a decrease in the deformation resistance. In addition, when the deformation temperature is the same, the deformation resistance of the conventional hot charging process is larger than that of the high-temperature direct rolling process. It is due to the original austenite grain size under the conventional hot charging process (98.7 μm) is smaller than that under the high-temperature direct rolling process (107.0 μm). During the cooling process before reheating in the conventional hot charging process, a ferrite phase transformation occurs, and austenitization occurs again after reheating, making the newly formed austenite grains smaller than the original austenite grains. Therefore, the smaller original austenite grain size under the conventional hot charging process leads to the stronger fine-grain strengthening effect, resulting in greater deformation resistance. Additionally, the experimental data of deformation resistance under different rolling processes were fitted and corrected by using the deformation resistance models proposed by Guan Kezhi and Zhou Jihua, and a deformation resistance prediction model for the tested steel during high-temperature deformation was established. The coefficient of determination R2 of the models for the conventional hot charging process and the high-temperature direct rolling process reaches0.9865 and0.9826 respectively, indicating a high fitting accuracy between the model's predictions and the experimental results. -
图 1 试验钢理论计算CCT曲线
Figure 1. Theoretical calculation of CCT curves of the experimental steel
图 2 试验钢热模拟及高温原位观察工艺
(a)(c)传统热装工艺；(b)(d)高温直轧工艺
Figure 2. Thermal simulation and in-situ high-temperature observation processes of the experimental steel
图 3 不同工艺下真应力应变曲线
(a) 常规热装工艺；(b) 高温直轧工艺
Figure 3. True stress-strain curves under different processes
图 4 不同工艺下最大变形抗力与变形温度的变化曲线
Figure 4. Variation curves of the maximum deformation resistance and the deformation temperature under different processes
图 5 不同工艺变形前时刻的高温原位图
(a) 常规热装工艺；(b) 高温直轧工艺
Figure 5. High temperature in situ diagram of different processes before deformation
图 6 不同工艺试样冷却阶段膨胀量-温度变化曲线
(a) 常规热装工艺; (b) 高温直轧工艺
Figure 6. Dilatation-temperature curves of samples in the cooling stages of different processes
图 8 不同工艺降温阶段相变时的高温原位图
(a)(b) 常规热装工艺；(c)(d) 高温直轧工艺
Figure 8. High temperature in situ diagrams of phase transformation during cooling under different processes
图 9 不同工艺下真应力试验值和模型预测值
(a)～(f) 常规热装工艺; (g)～(l) 高温直轧工艺
Figure 9. The true stress testing values and model prediction values under different processes
图 10 不同工艺在各变形温度下最大变形抗力的试验值与预测值
(a) 常规热装工艺；(b) 高温直轧工艺
Figure 10. Experimental and predicted values of the maximum deformation resistance at different deformation temperatures and processes
图 11 不同工艺实测的变形抗力和模型预测的变形抗力对比
(a) 常规热装工艺；(b) 高温直轧工艺
Figure 11. Comparison of the deformation resistance measured by different processes and predicted by the models
表 1 试验钢坯的化学成分
Table 1. Chemical composition of the experimental steel
% C Si Mn P S Cu Ni 0.075 0.018 0.853 0.013 0.004 0.017 0.007 Cr Mo V Nb Ti N 0.022 0.002 0.001 0.014 0.012 0.003 
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表 2 不同变形温度下参数A的值
Table 2. The value of parameter A at different deformation temperatures
T/℃ A 700 ℃热装 高温直轧 800 0.33193 0.33987 850 0.34675 0.28606 900 0.35958 0.17181 950 0.3532 0.00061 1000 − 0.00038752 − 0.01603 1050 − 0.16117 − 0.14308
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