Study on process mineralogy and upgrading feasibility of a high-titanium and high-vanadium iron concentrate in Chaoyang, Liaoning
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摘要: 辽宁朝阳地区发现了丰富的钒钛磁铁矿资源，其预选精矿的特征为具有高硅高钛高钒的显著特征。对该精矿进行工艺矿物学研究，探索进一步脱硅提质的可行性，对于该地区钒钛资源的深度开发利用具有重要意义。运用选矿工艺矿物学研究方法，查明了该精矿的主要矿物及其嵌布关系，铁精矿中有价矿物主要为钛磁铁矿、钛铁矿及少量的赤铁矿，脉石矿物主要为铁橄榄石和长石等硅酸盐矿物及少量的榍石。钒和钛主要赋存在钛磁铁矿是导致铁精矿高钒高钛的主要原因，钛磁铁矿之中嵌布着细小粒度的脉石，导致了铁精矿的高钙、高硅特征。通过细磨后磁选的手段可以有效地将该精矿提质。而钛磁铁矿中紧密嵌布的细小脉石颗粒通过细磨较难充分解离，部分钙、硅元素以常规细磨磁选较难去除，提质后精矿依然存在6.68%的SiO2和3.22%的CaO。Abstract: A vanadium-titanium magnetite resource has been discovered in Chaoyang, Liaoning, with the pre-selected concentrate being notable for high silicon, titanium, and vanadium content. Conducting process mineralogy research on this concentrate to explore the possibility of further silicon removal and quality enhancement is of great significance for the in-depth development and utilization of local vanadium-titanium resources. This study uses mineral processing and mineralogy research methods to identify the main minerals and their intergrowth relationships in the concentrate. The valuable minerals in the iron concentrate are mainly ilmenomagnetite, ilmenite, and a small amount of hematite. Gangue minerals are mainly silicate minerals like iron olivine and feldspar, along with a small quantity of sphene. The high vanadium and titanium content in the iron concentrate is mainly due to the presence of vanadium and titanium in ilmenomagnetite. The fine-grained gangue minerals intergrown with ilmenomagnetite lead to the high calcium and silicon content in the iron concentrate. After fine grinding and magnetic separation, the quality of the concentrate can be improved. However, due to the intimate intergrowth of fine-grained gangue minerals in ilmenomagnetite, it is difficult for conventional fine grinding and magnetic separation to fully liberate and remove the calcium and silicon elements. Therefore, even after quality improvement, the concentrate still contains 6.68% SiO2 and 3.22% CaO.
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图 2 钛磁铁矿嵌布特征及能谱微区成分分析结果
（a）钛磁铁矿与钛铁矿嵌布；（b）钛磁铁矿与硅酸盐嵌布
Figure 2. Disseminating characteristic and SEM-EDS analysis results of titanomagnetite
图 3 钛铁矿嵌布特征及能谱微区成分分析结果
（a）钛铁矿与钛磁铁矿嵌布；（b）钛铁矿与硅酸盐嵌布
Figure 3. Disseminating characteristic and SEM-EDS analysis results of ilmenite
图 4 榍石嵌布特征及能谱微区成分分析结果
(a)榍石区域显微结构图像；(b)榍石颗粒局部放大图像
Figure 4. Disseminating characteristic and SEM-EDS analysis results of sphene
图 5 铁精矿中硅酸盐矿物嵌布特征及能谱微区成分分析结果
(a)硅酸盐与钛磁铁矿嵌布；(b)硅酸盐与钛磁铁矿、钛铁矿嵌布
Figure 5. Disseminating characteristic and SEM-EDS analysis results of gangue
表 1 铁精矿的主要化学成分
Table 1. The major chemical components of iron ore
% TFe TiO2 V2O5 FeO SiO2 CaO MgO Al2O3 S LOI 42.45 17.03 1.54 13.93 7.74 3.63 0.90 2.36 0.045 2.5 
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表 2 精矿矿物组成与含量
Table 2. Mineral composition and content of iron ore
% Titanomagnetite Ilmenite Fayalite Hematite 81.57 7.94 5.22 2.54 Feldspars Sphene Other gangue 1.53 0.96 0.24
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表 3 铁元素在不同物相间分布率
Table 3. Inter-phase distribution rate of Fe
% Titanomagnetite Ilmenite Fayalite Hematite Sphene Total 86.92 6.02 3.44 3.26 0.36 100
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表 4 钛元素在不同物相间分布率
Table 4. Inter-phase distribution rate of Ti
% Titanomagnetite Ilmenite Sphene Hematite Fayalite Total 76.68 21.51 1.09 0.66 0.06 100
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表 5 精矿中主要含铁矿物粒度分布
Table 5. Grain size distribution of main minerals in iron concentrate
Size fraction/μm Titanomagnetite Ilmenite Fayalite Feldspars Yield/% Cumulative
yield/%Yield/% Cumulative
yield/%Yield/% Cumulative
yield/%Yield/% Cumulative
yield/%＞500 2.89 2.89 2.80 2.80 12.11 12.11 10.41 10.41 (212, 500] 12.53 15.42 21.10 23.90 23.43 35.54 31.07 41.48 (150, 212] 17.55 32.97 25.90 49.80 22.13 57.67 20.70 62.18 (106, 150] 17.66 50.63 19.03 68.83 19.22 76.89 16.41 78.58 (75, 106] 15.43 66.06 15.03 83.86 10.26 87.15 9.35 87.93 (53, 75] 10.51 76.57 7.83 91.69 5.06 92.21 5.23 93.16 (38, 53] 6.72 83.29 3.27 94.96 3.10 95.31 2.55 95.71 (25, 38] 6.65 89.94 2.25 97.21 1.73 97.04 1.58 97.29 (10, 25] 9.48 99.42 2.65 99.86 2.77 99.81 2.51 99.80 ≤10 0.58 100 0.14 100 0.19 100 0.21 100
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表 6 精矿中各物相解离度分析
Table 6. Dissociation degree of main minerals in iron concentrate
% Mineral Individual particles X≥80% 80%＞X≥60% 60%＞X≥40% 40%＞X≥20% X＜20% Titanomagnetite 73.13 11.13 8.22 4.04 2.47 1.01 Ilmenite 12.53 8.15 19.64 19.92 18.37 21.39 Fayalite 16.12 8.49 21.13 16.66 16.3 21.3 Hematite 27.8 6.33 13.03 7.53 8.39 36.93 Feldspars 8.42 1.88 11.82 26.39 17.07 34.42
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表 7 提质精矿理论计算结果
Table 7. Theoretical calculation results of titanium enrichment concentrate
% Name TFe TiO2 V2O5 SiO2 CaO Enriched concentrate 42.46 18.26 1.64 6.17 3.88 Raw concentrate 42.45 17.03 1.54 7.74 3.63
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表 8 精矿磁选提质试验结果
Table 8. Test results of magnetic separation for concentrate upgrading
% Magnetic field strength Yield TFe TiO2 V2O5 SiO2 CaO Feed concentrate 100 42.45 17.03 1.54 7.74 3.63 0.6 T Concentrate 91.01 43.99 18.21 1.57 6.68 3.22 Tailings 8.99 26.84 5.08 1.23 18.43 6.67 1.0 T Concentrate 96.37 43.85 17.59 1.56 6.95 3.69 Tailings 3.63 5.26 2.15 0.93 28.82 1.94
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