Reflections on the transformation and developments of the comprehensive utilization of vanadium–titanium resources in Panxi
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摘要: 铁钒钛资源是全球公认的战略性矿产资源，对我国国防、经济及科技的发展均具有战略意义。攀西是我国最大、世界重要的铁钒钛资源基地，已建成了完整的铁钒钛产业链，但仍存在钒钛综合利用率低、高端产品少、生产能耗高、固废产量大等问题。围绕攀西铁钒钛共伴生资源高效清洁利用，笔者系统分析了攀西铁钒钛资源利用现状，提出了攀西铁钒钛资源综合利用转型升级方向，包括工艺技术创新、产品迭代升级、清洁能源利用、固废处理强化和选冶流程再造等五个方面，大力推动我国钒钛产业高效化、高端化、绿色化和智能化发展，实现国家“双碳”目标，保障我国铁钒钛资源与基础原材料的安全供给。Abstract: Iron-vanadium-titanium resources are globally recognized as strategic mineral resources and of critical importance to national defense, economic development, and technological advancement. The Panxi region, hosting China’s largest and a world-significant iron-vanadium-titanium resource base, has established a complete industrial chain for these metals. However, it still faces challenges such as low comprehensive utilization rates of vanadium and titanium, an insufficient share of high-end products, high energy consumption in production, and significant solid waste generation. Focusing on the efficient and clean utilization of vanadium-titanium resources in the Panxi region, this paper systematically analyzes the current state of resource utilization and proposes key directions for transformation and upgrading. These directions encompass five major aspects: technological and process innovation, product iteration and upgrading, utilization of clean energy, strengthening of solid waste management, and reengineering of beneficiation and metallurgical process flows. The proposed strategies aim to promote the efficient, high-value, green, and intelligent development of China’s vanadium and titanium industry. Such progress will contribute to achieving the national “dual-carbon” goals and ensure the secure supply of iron-vanadium-titanium resources and related raw materials for the country.
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图 1 攀西地区现有钒钛磁铁矿综合利用流程
Figure 1. Present utilization processes for vanadium-titanium magnetite (VTM) in PanXi
图 2 2023年全国和攀西地区的主要钛产品结构（数据来源：Mysteel）
(a)全国；(b)攀西地区
Figure 2. Proportion of major titanium products in China&Panxi (2023)
图 3 超高料层低碳均质烧结技术示意及应用效果
（a）超高料层均质烧结技术；（b）均质烧结应用效果
Figure 3. Ultra-high layer homogeneous sintering technology and application results of homogeneous sintering
图 5 钛铁矿深度除杂制备沸腾氯化炉料
Figure 5. Deep impurity removal from ilmenite to prepare boiling chlorination furnace charge
图 6 氟化法钛白粉制备技术路线
Figure 6. Schematic diagram of the fluorination process for titanium dioxide production
图 7 生物质在高炉-转炉长流程中的应用
Figure 7. Application of biomass in the blast furnace - basic oxygen furnace route
图 9 主流氢冶金工艺流程
(a)焦炉煤气制氢；(d)电解水制氢
Figure 9. Process flow diagram of hydrogen-based metallurgy
图 10 高炉钛渣高温碳化-低温氯化工艺
Figure 10. High temperature carbonization-low temperature chlorination process for blast furnace titanium slag
图 12 熔盐氯化渣相转化工艺
Figure 12. Molten salt chlorination residue phase transformation process
图 14 钒钛磁铁矿石铁钒钛共选共冶示意流程
Figure 14. Schematic diagram of the co-selection and co-smelting process of Fe/V/Ti in vanadium-titanium magnetite
表 1 2024年我国钛产品进出口量汇总
Table 1. Summary of China's titanium product import and export volume in 2024
商品名称 进口数量/万t 出口数量/万t 其他锻轧钛及钛制品 75.5 411.6 钛板、片、带、箔① 107.1 146.6 钛条、杆、型材及异型材 378.3 1074.6 钛丝 27.9 133.9 钛板、片、带② 106.5 973.1 钛管 33.2 396.3 其他未锻轧钛 21.9 137.4 钛粉末 11.4 57.4 海绵钛 10.1 595.3 钛白粉 9203.8 190208.2 注：①厚度≤0.8 mm；②厚度>0.8 mm。（数据来源：中国海关） 
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