Global vanadium industry development report in 2023-2024
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摘要: 从全球钒资源、产品、产能、产量、需求、进出口贸易和市场价格等方面阐述和分析了2023~2024年钒产业的整体状况，并基于目前国内外产业运行态势对钒后市进行了展望，认为：全球钒产业已开始步入转型发展新周期，我国需科学高效有序开发利用关键战略金属矿产资源中的钒；提前规划并实施钒产业绿色低碳发展路径；在可预见的未来，中国依旧是全球最大的钒供需市场，全球钒市场价格在多因素调控机制下，在一定区间内呈盘整回归态势；钒电池储能将成为支撑新能源安全稳定应用的重要载体之一。Abstract: This article examined the overall status of the vanadium industry from 2023 to 2024, covering global vanadium resources, products, production capacity, output, supply and demand, import and export trade, and market prices. Based on the current domestic and international industry trends, it provides an outlook for the vanadium market, suggesting that the global vanadium industry has entered a new phase of transformation and development. China should develop and utilize vanadium-a key strategic metal mineral resource-in a scientific, efficient, and well-ordered manner, and proactively plan a green and low-carbon development pathway for the vanadium sector. In the coming years, China is expected to remain the world's largest vanadium market in terms of both supply and demand. Globally, vanadium prices are likely to consolidate and readjust within a certain range under the influence of multiple regulatory factors. Vanadium battery energy storage is set to become one of the key enablers supporting the safe and stable integration of new energy.
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Key words:
- vanadium industry /
- capacity /
- production /
- market
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图 1 钒在各国家（区域）钢铁中的年度消费曲线
Figure 1. Annual consumption trend of vanadium in steel across countries (regions)
图 2 2010~2024年世界钒产量与消费量走势（折金属钒）
Figure 2. The trend of global vanadium production and consumption in 2010-2024
图 3 2023~2024年国外钒市场月均价格走势
Figure 3. Average monthly prices for ferrovanadium(FeV) and vanadium pentoxide(V2O5) aboard in 2023-2024
图 4 2023~2024年中国钒系产品市场价格走势
Figure 4. Average monthly prices for China’s vanadium products in 2023-2024
表 1 2023~2024年世界钒矿概况
Table 1. Overview of world vanadium ore resources in 2023-2024
Reserves/ 10 kt Production in
2023 / 10 ktProduction in
2024 / 10 ktUSA 4.5 0.41 0.48 Australia 850 0 0 Brazil 12 0.64 0.5 China 410 6.8 7.0 Russia 500 2.0 2.1 South Africa 43 0.91 0.8 Global 1819.5 10.35 10.4 Source of reserve data: USGS, Convert into metallic vanadium;Source of production data: VANITEC, USGS.
Note: By the end of 2023, China's vanadium ore resources reserves (converted to V2O5) were10.2982 million tons.
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表 2 2023~2024全球主要钒生产商及产量（折金属钒t/a）分布
Table 2. Distribution of the major global vanadium producers and the respective output in 2023-2024
Area Manufacturer Mainstream technology Production in
2023 /tProduction in
2024 /tChina Pangang Group Co., Ltd, Chengde Steel
Group Co., Ltd., Beijing Jianlong Group,
Tranvic Group, Desheng Group, Shaanxi
WuZhou Mining Co.,LtdVanadium extraction from （vanadium slag, stone coal,
waste residue, spent catalyst）82965 87526 Russia Evraz Vanadium extraction from vanadium slag 17220 14000 South Africa Bushveld Vametco, Glencore（Xstrata） Vanadium extraction from vanadium-titanium-iron concentrate 8873 7733 Brazil Largo Resources Ltd Vanadium extraction from vanadium-titanium-iron concentrate 5846 5190 USA AMG Vanadium LLC, U.S. Vanadium LLC Secondary vanadium extraction from vanadium resources 4070 4770 New Zealand New Zealand Steel Direct reduction process for vanadium extraction 950 1260 Source of production data：VANITEC, etc.
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表 3 中国大陆主要钒矿资源产业及产品分布
Table 3. Distribution of China's main vanadium ore, vanadium industry and vanadium products
Area Vanadium industry Vanadium products Sichuan Province Main production area of vanadium products Vanadium oxide, ferrovanadium, vanadium nitride, vanadium-aluminium alloy, vanadium slag, vanadium electrolyte Gansu Province Production area of shale vanadium products Ammonium vanadate, vanadium oxide, vanadium electrolyte Guangxi Province Vanadium processing area Ferrovanadium, vanadium-aluminium alloy Hunan Province Vanadium processing area Ammonium vanadate, vanadium nitride, vanadium oxide, vanadium-aluminium alloy Shanxi Province Vanadium processing area Vanadium oxide, vanadium nitride, vanadium-aluminium alloy, vanadium metal, vanadium electrolyte Jiangxi Province Vanadium processing area Ammonium vanadate, vanadium nitride, vanadium oxide, vanadium electrolyte Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Vanadium production and processing area Vanadium slag, vanadium nitride, vanadium oxide Guizhou Province Production area of shale vanadium products Ammonium vanadate, vanadium oxide Hebei Province Main production area of vanadium
(slag) productsVanadium oxide, ferrovanadium, vanadium-aluminium alloy, vanadium nitride (iron), vanadium electrolyte Zhejiang Province Vanadium production and processing area Vanadium nitride, vanadium oxide Henan Province Shale vanadium production area Ammonium vanadate, vanadium nitride, vanadium oxide Hubei Province Vanadium processing area Vanadium nitride, vanadium oxide, ferrovanadium Yunnan Province Vanadium production area Vanadium slag
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表 4 2024年全球自有资源型钒生产企业概况
Table 4. Overview of the global vanadium producers(self-owned resource) in 2024
Company Capacity (V2O5 content) /t Product Raw material Ansteel Pangang Group Co., Ltd 45000 FeV, VN, vanadium oxide, vanadium-aluminium alloy Vanadium slag Evraz plc. 35000 （convert vanadium slag content to vanadium capacity）FeV, vanadium oxide Vanadium slag, fuel ash, spent catalyst HBIS Chengde Jianlong Special Steel Co., Ltd. 22000 FeV, VN, nitrided ferrovanadium, vanadium oxide, vanadium-aluminium alloy Vanadium slag Beijing Jianlong Heavy Industry Group Co., Ltd.（Chengde+Shuangyashan） 25000 VN, vanadium oxide Vanadium slag Treibacher Industrie AG（processing enterprise） 15000 V2O3, V2O5, FeV Vanadium slag, spent catalyst, etc. Rhovan (Pty) Ltd 10000 FeV, vanadium oxide Vanadium-titanium magnetite ore Tranvic Group（Chengdu-Chongqing Vanadium & Titanium Technology Co., Ltd.） 15000 V2O5 Vanadium slag Desheng Group vanadium & titanium Co., Ltd.（Sichuan Province＋Yunnan Province） 16000 （convert vanadium slag content to vanadium capacity）Vanadium slag, vanadium oxide (outside processing) Vanadium slag Largo Resources Ltd., Maracás Menchen Mine 13000 V2O5 Vanadium-titanium magnetite ore Bushveld Vametco ( including Vanchem Vanadium Product (Pty) Ltd. ) 10000 VN, vanadium oxide, FeV, vanadium electrolyte, catalyst Vanadium-titanium magnetite ore Fangda Group-Sichuan Dazhou Steel Group Co., Ltd. 9000 Vanadium slag, vanadium oxide (outside processing) Vanadium slag AMG Vanadium LLC & U.S. Vanadium LLC 10000 Vanadium oxide, vanadium-aluminium alloy, FeV, etc. Spent catalyst, fuel ash, etc. Shaanxi WuZhou Mining Co.,Ltd 5000 VN, vanadium oxide, vanadium-aluminium alloy, vanadium metal Stone coal (carbonaceous shale) Company from Germany, Canada, Japan, India, Austria, etc. 17000 Vanadium oxide, vanadium-aluminium alloy, FeV, etc. Slag, spent catalyst, fuel ash, etc. Other Chinese Manufacturers 137600 V2O5, vanadium-aluminium alloy, ammonium vanadate, VN, FeV, etc. Vanadium slag, spent catalyst, vanadium-rich ferrophosphorus, stone coal Total 382200
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表 5 2023~2024年全球主要钒生产企业（非加工型）产量
Table 5. Output of the major global vanadium producers( non- processing enterprises) in 2023-2024
Ranking Company Vanadium slag production
(V2O5 content) /tOutput of vanadium products
in 2023 (V2O5 content) /tOutput of vanadium products
in 2024 (V2O5 content) /t1 Ansteel Pangang Group Co., Ltd 49 759 43 450 46 500 2 Evraz plc 36 573 30 733 (Convert vanadium
products and vanadium slag
content to vanadium capacity)28 000 3 HBIS Chengde Steel Co., Ltd. 17 752 15 420 19 236 4 Beijing Jianlong Heavy Industry
Group Co., Ltd.24 000 20 730 24894 5 Sichuan Desheng Group Vanadium
& Titanium Co., Ltd.20 836 13 530 (Outside processing) 15377 6 Tranvic Group: Chengdu-Chongqing
Vanadium & Titanium Technology Co., Ltd.16 507 11 325 (Own vanadium slag
production)8400 7 Largo Inc. Maracás Menchen 9 681 9 264 8 Glencore Rhovan Pooling and
Sharing Joint Venture8 881 8301 9 Fangda Group – Sichuan Dazhou
Steel Group Co., Ltd.11 400 6 450 (Outside processing) 8 000 10 Yukun Steel Group 7 358 5 160 (Outside processing) 3460 11 Bushveld Minerals Limited Direct extraction of vanadium
from vanadium-
titanium magnetite6630 5700 12 AMG Vanadium LLC (ferrovanadium) &
U.S．Vanadium LLC (vanadium oxide)Vanadium recovery from
secondary vanadium-
bearing resources7270 （V2O5 content）8690 Note: The vanadium production of Bushveld is the sum of the production from Vametco and Vanchem.
Data sources: The data on foreign vanadium companies is sourced from company annual reports.
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表 6 2023～2024年中国钒产品产量
Table 6. China’s production of vanadium products in 2023-2024
Year Vanadium
pentoxide/10 ktFerrovanadium/10 kt Vanadium-nitrogen
alloy/10 kt2023 15.81 4.23 5.51 2024 16.72 4.91 4.46 Source: China Vanadium Association (CVA)
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表 7 近3年钒在钢中的消费强度
Table 7. Vanadium consumption rate in steel in recent three years
kg V/Mt Year North
AmericaEuropean
UnionCIS Africa China India Global
Average2022 0.089 0.078 0.045 0.042 0.056 0.038 0.056 2023 0.088 0.080 0.043 0.045 0.054 0.037 0.054 2024 0.091 0.078 0.045 0.045 0.054 0.037 0.054 Source: Vanitec
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表 8 2023~2024年美国钒消费量e（折金属钒）
Table 8. U.S. consumption of vanadium in 2023-2024
Item Year 2023/t Year 2024/t Ferrovanadium1 4700 W Vanadium aluminum alloy
and others23300 W Steel in total 3400 W Carbon steel 1300 W Alloy steel 1900 W High-strength low-alloy steel W W Stainless and heat
resisting steel95 W Chisel tool steel W W High temperature alloy 2900 W Other3 W W Total 8000 8000 Note：e Estimated；1 refers to vanadium-containing iron-carbon alloys and vanadium oxide added directly into steel.；2 includes vanadium-aluminum alloy, other vanadium alloys, vanadium metal, vanadium pentoxide, vanadates, chlorides, and other specialty chemicals；3 refers to uses including cast iron, alloys other than steel and superalloys, chemical and ceramic applications, and other and unspecified purposes；W withheld to avoid disclosing company proprietary data; included with “Miscellaneous and unspecified”.
Source：USGS Mineral Industry Surveys
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表 9 2023～2024年中国大陆钒产品进出口
Table 9. The Chinese mainland imports and exports of vanadium products in 2023-2024
Product Import volume /t Import amount /USD Export volume /t Export amount /USD Net import /t 2023 2024 2023 2024 2023 2024 2023 2024 2023 2024 V2O5 6082.483 2900.203 71976642 27121214 5546.378 5658.77 82698380 62183324 536.105 − 2758.567 VN 1.721 9.822 431851 1181293 949.197 2515.468 31403163 50563958 −947.476 − 2505.646 FeV50 700 20 14150261 1362400 80.930 171.49 17965355 2170990 619.07 −151.49 FeV80 349.242 294.8 8186951 5264926 5470.420 6427.716 135200897 127084194 − 5121.178 − 6132.916 Source：General Administration of Customs of the People’s Republic of China
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表 10 2023~2024年美国主要钒制品（按金属钒计）进出口
Table 10. U.S. imports and exports of major vanadium products in 2023-2024
t Product name Year 2023 Year 2024 Import Export Import Export Ferrovanadium 2280 159 1750 66.9 Vanadium pentoxide 2320 28 2500 120 Other vanadium oxides and hydroxides 151 142 170 360 Vanadium hydride and vanadium nitride 245 231 Sulfates 1.69 4.84 Vanadates 28.9 3.75 Vanadium chlorides 154 97.9 Aluminum-vanadium master alloye 221 36 110 70 Vanadium metal 20 38 10 5 Ash and residues 3140 861 2300 1500 Note：e Estimated。
Source：U.S. Census Bureau，USGS
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