超细粒级钛精矿酸解率提升研究

吴健春

doi:10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2025.06.008

超细粒级钛精矿酸解率提升研究

doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2025.06.008

吴健春

钒钛资源综合利用国家重点实验室, 攀钢集团研究院有限公司, 四川攀枝花 617000

详细信息

作者简介:
吴健春，1978年出生，男，四川简阳人，正高级工程师，主要从事硫酸法钛白及纳米二氧化钛的工艺开发及应用研究，E-mail：wujianchun@126.com

中图分类号: TF823,TQ621
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-07-03
- 录用日期: 2025-07-29
- 修回日期: 2025-07-24
- 网络出版日期: 2025-12-31
- 刊出日期: 2025-12-31

Study on enhancement of acidolysis rate in ultrafine-grade titanium concentrate

WU Jianchun

State Key Laboratory of Vanadium and Titanium Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Pangang Group Research Institute Co., Ltd., Panzhihua 617000, Sichuan, China

摘要

摘要: 以超细粒级钛精矿为原料，通过对比分析其与普通矿在粒度分布、化学成分及物相组成上的差异，探究了影响超细矿酸解率的关键因素，并进行了酸解工艺优化。结果表明：超细矿与普通矿的物相结构无明显差异，均以钛铁矿相为主，但其化学成分中碳、磷含量显著高于普通矿。常规酸解条件下，超细矿的酸解率较普通矿低3～4个百分点，主要归因于其选矿过程中添加的浮选剂较多，在矿粒表面形成致密膜层，显著增加了硫酸向矿粒内部扩散的阻力。研究发现，通过增加反应酸矿比和提高反应酸浓度等化学强化手段，可有效破坏该浮选剂膜层，从而大幅提升酸解率。优化的酸解条件为：反应酸浓度85%～86%，酸矿比1.56～1.58。在此条件下，超细矿酸解率达96%及以上。
- 超细粒级钛精矿 /
- 酸解率 /
- 浮选药剂
Abstract: Utilizing ultrafine-grade titanium concentrate as the raw material, this study investigated the key factors influencing its acidolysis efficiency by comparative analysis of the differences in particle size distribution, chemical composition, and phase composition between ultrafine and conventional-grade concentrates. Acidolysis process optimization was subsequently conducted. The results indicate that the phase structure of the ultrafine-grade titanium concentrate shows no significant difference from the conventional-grade titanium concentrate, with ilmenite being the dominant phase in both. However, the ultrafine-grade titanium concentrate exhibits significantly higher carbon (C) and phosphorus (P) contents. Under the standard acidolysis conditions, the acidolysis rate of the ultrafine-grade titanium concentrate was 3-4 percentage points lower than that of the conventional-grade titanium concentrate. This reduction is primarily attributed to the higher dosage of flotation reagents used during the beneficiation of the ultrafine material, which forms a dense film layer on the particle surfaces, significantly increasing the diffusion resistance of sulfuric acid into the particle interior. The study found that employing chemical intensification measures, such as increasing the reaction acid-to-ore ratio and elevating the reaction acid concentration, effectively disrupts this flotation reagent film layer, thereby substantially enhancing the acidolysis rate. The optimized acidolysis conditions were determined as follows: reaction acid concentration of 85%-86% and acid-to-ore ratio of 1.56-1.58. Under these conditions, the acidolysis rate of the ultrafine-grade concentrate reached up to 96% or higher.
- ultrafine-grade titanium concentrate /
- acidolysis rate /
- flotation agents

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图 1 超细矿PTK40与磨后PTK10矿、磨后PTK20矿粒度分布

Figure 1. Particle size distribution of PTK40 and PTK10 after grinding, and PTK20 after grinding

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图 2 酸解残渣SEM图片

(a) PTK20矿酸解残渣; (b)超细矿PTK40酸解残渣

Figure 2. SEM image of acidolysis residue

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图 3 细粒级矿和普通钛精矿岩相照片

Figure 3. Microscopic images of fine-grained ore and ordinary titanium concentrate

(a) PTK20; (b) PTK40

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图 4 钛精矿表面形貌

(a)磨后PTK20矿的SEM; (b)磨后PTK20矿的SEM ; (c)超细矿PTK40的SEM ; (d)超细矿PTK40的SEM

Figure 4. Surface morphology images of titanium concentrates

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图 5 反应酸浓度和酸矿比对PTK40矿酸解率的影响

(a)反应酸浓度; (b)反应酸矿比

Figure 5. Effects of sulfuric acid concentration and acid-to-ore ratio on the acidolysis rate of PTK40

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图 6 不同矿酸解过程温度变化曲线

Figure 6. Temperature variation curves of different mineral acid hydrolysis processes

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表 1 不同钛精矿的酸解结果

Table 1. Acid hydrolysis results of different titanium concentrates

	Maximum temperature/℃	Expansion volume/mL	Residue amount/g	TiO₂ content in residue/%	Acidolysis ratio/%
PTK20	190	500	8.56	23.69	95.29
PTK10	184	550	10.69	20.38	94.30
PTK40	190	800	11.55	34.62	91.28

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表 2 酸解残渣各物相占比及钛元素在各个物相中的比例

Table 2. Proportion of each phase of acidolysis residue and content of titanium in each phase %

Phase	Acid residue of PTK20		Acid residue of PTK40
Phase	Phase/%	Ti/%	Phase /%	Ti/%
Ilmenite	16.54	57.04	51.65	86.73
Quartz	43.79	13.85	24.89	2.3
Ilmenite+Quartz	2.38	5.52
Rutile	0.98	4.87	0.02	0.05
Quartz+Gypsum	6.98	4.31
Sphene	1.45	3.55	5.85	5.71
Titanite	0.32	2.12	0.12	0.2
Gypsum	6.06	1.28	0.18	0.04
Pyroxene	1.07	0.47	3.68	0.38
Magnesia-alumina spinel	1.04	0.13	0.36	0
Other	19.39	6.86	13.25	4.59

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表 3 不同钛精矿的化学成分

Table 3. Chemical compositions of different titanium concentrates %

	TiO₂	Fe₂O₃	FeO	C	CaO	MgO	MnO	P	S	SiO₂	V₂O₅	Al₂O₃
PTK20	47.14	5.45	36.02	0.11	0.99	4.36	0.701	0.007	0.32	2.87	0.92	0.941
PTK10	45.84	4.67	37.09	0.08	1.1	4.52	0.684	0.011	0.149	3.15	0.086	1.14
PTK40	47.55	4.67	37.09	0.297	0.63	4.38	0.765	0.022	0.158	2.16	0.073	1.02

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表 4 几种钛精矿主要物相分布

Table 4. Main phase distribution of several titanium concentrates %

Phase name	PTK40	PTK20	PTK10
Ilmenite	88.81	88.85	83.36
Diopside	0.95	0.79	3.47
Sphene	0.43	0.7	2.29
Plagioclase	0.22	0.99	2.61
Olivine	1.06	1.33	1.00
Magnetite	0.28	0.63	3.82
Chlorite	2.44	3.44	0.87
Almandine	4.44	0	1.93
Other	1.53	2.52	0.65

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表 5 加浮选剂前后的化学成分

Table 5. Chemical compositions before and after adding flotation agent %

Number	Fe₂O₃	FeO	TiO₂	C	CaO	MgO	MnO	Na₂O	P	S	SiO₂	V₂O₅
1^#	6.43	36.02	45.0	0.049	1.48	2.89	0.793	0.129	0.015	0.366	4.38	0.103
2^#	6.58	35.74	44.67	0.767	1.42	2.78	0.78	0.147	0.041	0.274	4.55	0.106

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表 6 浮选剂对酸解率的影响

Table 6. The effect of flotation agents on acid hydrolysis rate

Number	Flotation agent addition ratio/%	Expansion volume/mL	Residue amount/g	TiO₂ content in residue/%	Acidolysis ratio/%
1^#	0	450	11.9	19.01	94.81
2^#	2	700	13.47	19.81	93.97

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表 7 超细粒度钛精矿酸解优化试验结果

Table 7. Optimization test results of acid hydrolysis of ultrafine grained titanium concentrate

	Acid concentration/%	Acid-to-ore ratio	Reaction time/s	Maximum temperature/℃	Expansion volume/mL	TiO₂ content in residue/%	Acidolysis ratio/%
0^#	84.0	1.56	300	193	350	24.76	96.2
1^#	85.0	1.57	330	193	850	30.39	94.2
2^#	86.0	1.57	350	195	1000	25.97	95.8
3^#	86.5	1.56	380	196	1000	24.08	96.4
4^#	85.5	1.56	370	194	880	29.22	94.8
Note: Sample 0 is the post-grinding PTK20 ore.

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