Zr对直接淬火Ti微合金化高强度低碳马氏体钢组织和性能的影响

熊雪刚; 罗瀚宇; 曾瀚; 曹建春; 周先超; 汪创伟

doi:10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2025.06.018

Zr对直接淬火Ti微合金化高强度低碳马氏体钢组织和性能的影响

doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2025.06.018

熊雪刚^{1, 2,},
罗瀚宇¹,
曾瀚³,
曹建春^1, ,,
周先超²,
汪创伟²

1.
昆明理工大学材料科学与工程学院, 云南昆明 650031
2.
攀钢集团研究院有限公司, 钒钛资源综合利用国家重点实验室, 四川攀枝花 617000
3.
攀钢集团西昌钢钒有限公司, 四川西昌 615000

基金项目: 攀西试验区第五批项目（钛微合金化耐候钢开发及应用）。

详细信息

作者简介:
熊雪刚，1988年出生，男，江西金溪人，硕士，高级工程师，研究方向为热轧高强钢产品研发，E-mail：xuegangxiong@163.com

通讯作者:
曹建春，1971年出生，女，内蒙古包头人，教授，博士，研究方向为先进钢铁材料研究，E-mail：nmcjc@163.com

中图分类号: TG142.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-01-10
- 录用日期: 2025-04-08
- 修回日期: 2025-03-27
- 网络出版日期: 2025-12-31
- 刊出日期: 2025-12-31

Effect of Zr on the microstructure and properties of direct-quenched Ti microalloyed high-strength low carbon martensitic steel

1.
Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650031, Yunnan, China
2.
State Key Labloratory of Vanadium and Titanium Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Pangang Group Research Institute Co., Ltd., Panzhihua 617000, Sichuan, China
3.
Pangang Group Xichang Steel & Vanadium Co., Ltd., Xichang 615000, Sichuan, China

摘要

摘要: 通过两阶段热机械加工结合直接淬火工艺，系统研究了在950～850 ℃的终轧温度范围，Zr对直接淬火Ti微合金化高强度低碳马氏体钢组织性能及强化机制的影响。结果表明，随着终轧温度的降低，Ti钢和Ti-Zr钢的硬度先升高后降低，Ti钢中的析出物的数量逐渐减少，而Ti-Zr钢中析出物的数量先增加后减少；终轧温度875 ℃时Ti钢的硬度（HV）达到最高值338.8，终轧温度900 ℃时Ti-Zr钢的硬度（HV）达到最大值332.2。Zr的加入使Ti微合金钢中显微组织的细小化和均匀化程度提高，使原始奥氏体晶粒平均尺寸减小了2.9～6.0 µm，几何必需位错密度由1.6×10¹³ m⁻²提高到6.6×10¹³ m⁻²，马氏体块的平均尺寸降低了0.13～0.38 µm。Zr的加入促进了Ti元素在奥氏体中的固溶，使碳氮化物从奥氏体中的形变诱导析出率降低了10%以上。此外，固溶强化和位错强化是Ti-Zr钢的主要强化机制，约占总屈服强度的60%。
- Zr /
- 低碳马氏体 /
- 终轧温度 /
- 析出 /
- 强化机制
Abstract: In this work, the effect of Zr on the microstructure, properties, and strengthening mechanism of direct quenched Ti microalloyed high-strength low-carbon martensitic steel was systematically studied, through two-stage mechanical processing combined with direct quenching process. And the final rolling temperature of the steel ranged from 950 ℃ to 850 ℃. The results show that as the final rolling temperature decreases, the hardness of both Ti steel and Ti-Zr steel increases first and then decreases, and the number of precipitates in Ti steel decreases gradually, while the number of precipitates in Ti-Zr steel increases first and then decreases. The hardness (HV) of Ti steel reaches the highest value of 338.8 when final rolling at 875 ℃, and the highest hardness (HV) of Ti-Zr steel reaches the highest value of 332.2 when final rolling at 900 ℃. Meanwhile, the uniformity and fineness of the microstructure of Ti microalloyed steel were improved by the addition of Zr, the prior austenite grain size was reduced by 2.9–6.0 µm, the geometrically necessary dislocation density was increased from 1.6×10¹³ m⁻² to 6.6×10¹³ m⁻², and the average size of martensitic blocks was reduced by 0.13–0.38 µm. The solid solution of Ti element in austenite was promoted by the addition of Zr, the precipitation of strain induced carbonitrides in austenite was restrained by more than 10%, and the precipitation strengthening effect was also reduced. Among them, solid solution strengthening and dislocation strengthening were identified as the main strengthening mechanisms of Ti-Zr steel, accounting for approximately 60% of the total yield strength.
- Zr /
- low carbon martensite /
- final rolling temperature /
- precipitation /
- strengthening mechanism

HTML全文

图 1 热压缩模拟工艺路线

Figure 1. Thermal compression simulation process route

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图 2 不同终轧温度变形后两种试验钢原始奥氏体微观形貌和晶粒大小分布

Figure 2. The prior austenite microstructure morphology and grain size distribution of the two test steels deformed at different final rolling temperatures

(a1)～(a5): Ti steel; (b1)～(b5): Ti-Zr steel

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图 3 Ti钢和Ti-Zr钢在不同温度变形并淬火后的马氏体组织形貌

Figure 3. The martensite microstructure morphology in the Ti steel and Ti-Zr steel deformed at different final rolling temperatures

(a1)～(a5): Ti steel; (b1)～(b5): Ti-Zr steel

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图 4 不同终轧温度变形后Ti钢的EBSD图

(a1)～(a3): IQ图; (b1)～(b3): IPF图; (c1)～(c3): PF图

Figure 4. EBSD images of the Ti steel deformed at different final rolling temperatures

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图 5 不同终轧温度变形后Ti-Zr钢的EBSD图

(a1)~(a3): IQ图; (b1)~(b3): IPF图; (c1)~(c3): PF图

Figure 5. EBSD images of the Ti-Zr steel deformed at different final rolling temperatures

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图 6 Ti钢在不同终轧温度下变形后的TEM组织及析出相形貌

(a1)～(a3): 明场像; (b1)～(b3): 暗场像; (c1)～(c3): 析出相、衍射花纹及EDS检测结果

Figure 6. TEM morphology microstructure and precipitated phases of Ti steel deformed at different final rolling temperatures

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图 7 Ti-Zr 钢在不同终轧温度下变形后的TEM组织及析出相形貌

(a1)～(a3): 明场像; (b1)～(b3): 暗场像; (c1)～(c3): 析出相、衍射花纹及EDS检测结果

Figure 7. TEM morphology microstructure and precipitated phases of Ti-Zr steel deformed at different final rolling temperatures

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图 8 试验钢在奥氏体中碳化物的析出动力学曲线

(a) NrT 曲线；(b) PTT曲线

Figure 8. Kinetic curves of carbide precipitation in austenite of test steels

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图 9 试验钢在不同终轧温度变形后的硬度

Figure 9. The hardness of tested steel deformed at different final rolling temperatures

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表 1 试验用钢的化学成分

Table 1. The chemical compositions of tested steels %

Steel	C	Si	Mn	S	P	N	Ti	Zr
Ti	0.046	0.21	1.5	≤0.005	≤0.005	0.002	0.13
Ti-Zr	0.048	0.22	1.5	≤0.005	≤0.005	0.001	0.13	0.035

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表 2 不同终轧温度下变形后试验钢的晶界角密度及比例、位错密度、马氏体块平均尺寸

Table 2. Grain boundary angular density, grain boundary angular ratio, dislocation density and average martensite block size of tested steel deformed at different final rolling temperatures

Steel	Final rolling temperature/ ℃	Grain boundary angular density×10⁻⁵/m⁻¹			Grain boundary angular ratio/%			Dislocation density×10⁻¹⁴/m⁻²	Average martensite block size/μm
Steel	Final rolling temperature/ ℃	3°~15°	15°~50°	50°~62.8°	3°~15°	15°~50°	50°~62.8°	Dislocation density×10⁻¹⁴/m⁻²	Average martensite block size/μm
Ti	950	8.9	2.0	4.8	45.1	10.2	24.2	4.48±0.134	1.93±0.039
	900	8.9	1.0	5.6	45.2	5.2	28.5	4.31±0.129	1.95±0.039
	850	6.8	1.8	5.0	40.9	10.6	30.2	4.01±0.120	2.19±0.044
Ti-Zr	950	9.2	2.3	6.1	42.1	10.6	27.7	4.64±0.139	1.79±0.036
	900	8.8	1.9	7.2	39.7	8.5	32.6	4.56±0.137	1.82±0.036
	850	8.9	2.1	8.0	38.6	9.1	34.3	4.67±0.140	1.71±0.034

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表 3 轧后试验钢中固溶态 Ti 和 Zr 元素含量的质量百分比

Table 3. The mass percentage of Ti and Zr elements in the solid solution of the tested steels after rolling %

T/℃	Ti steel	Ti-Zr steel
T/℃	Ti	Ti	Zr
950	0.0701	0.0943	0.0166
900	0.0834	0.0913	0.0158
850	0.0820	0.0953	0.0162

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表 4 不同终轧温度下 Ti 钢和 Ti-Zr 钢中各强化机制贡献

Table 4. Contribution of individual strengthening factors to the yield strength in Ti and Ti-Zr steels at different finish rolling temperatures

Steel	Finish rolling temperature/℃	σ₀/MPa	σ_s/MPa	σ_g/MPa	σ_d/MPa	σ_p/MPa	σ_y/MPa
Ti	950	54	228	151	290	36	759
	900	54	244	150	284	130	862
	850	54	242	142	273	131	842
Ti-Zr	950	54	254	157	295	46	806
	900	54	250	156	292	113	865
	850	54	255	161	296	28	794

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