Study on inclusions and microstructure of 55SiCrA spring steel wire rod
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摘要: 利用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM-EDS)以及Factsage热力学软件对国内外弹簧用线材夹杂物与组织进行了研究。结果表明：国内外3家钢厂弹簧钢线材在显微组织、中心偏析、脱碳层厚度、晶粒度等方面相差不大；国内Y厂弹簧钢线材中发现有1级D类夹杂物以及1.5级Ds类夹杂，而国外H厂和国内B厂相对较好，均未出现Ds类夹杂物。国外H厂弹簧钢夹杂物数量最少，尺寸最小，最大尺寸仅3.4 μm且可变形比例近100%；然而国内弹簧钢线材夹杂物数量多、尺寸大且不可变形。国内Y厂线材夹杂物平均Al2O3、MgO含量较高，国内B厂发现有纯Al2O3夹杂物。此外，国内钢厂需进一步合理控制钢水、精炼渣成分以及提高耐材质量并合理选用耐火材料，来强化夹杂物的改性和脱除。Abstract: Inclusions and microstructure of 55SiCrA spring steel wire rod were studied by means of OM, SEM-EDS and Factsage software. The results show that the microstructure, central segregation, thickness of decarburized layer and grain size of spring steel wire rod in the three plants at home and abroad are almost the same. Moreover, the level 1 D-type inclusions and the level 1.5 Ds-type inclusions are found in domestic steel Y (DSY), however, no Ds-type inclusions are found in foreign steel H (FSH) and domestic steel B (DSB). The number of inclusions in spring steel of FSH is the least and their size is the smallest, the maximum size is only 3.4 μm, and the deformable ratio is nearly 100%; however, the inclusions in spring steel wire rod of DSY and DSB are large in number and size, and are not deformable. The average contents of Al2O3 and MgO are higher in inclusions of DSY, and pure Al2O3 inclusions are found in the wire rod of DSB. In addition, for domestic steel mills it is necessary to further control the composition of molten steel and refined slag, improve the quality of refractory materials and select refractory materials reasonably to enhance the modification and removal of inclusions.
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Key words:
- spring steel /
- wire rod /
- microstructure /
- inclusion
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图 1 弹簧钢的显微组织及脱碳层
Figure 1. Microstructure and decarbonization of the tested spring steel
图 5 国内B厂弹簧钢中纯Al2O3夹杂物形貌
Figure 5. Morphologies of pure Al2O3 inclusions in the tested spring steel of DSB
图 6 国外H厂弹簧钢中高SiO2含量夹杂物沿轧制方向的形态
Figure 6. Morphologies of the high SiO2 content inclusions along rolling direction in the tested spring steel of FSH
表 1 弹簧钢的夹杂物级别与显微组织
Table 1. Inclusion grading and microstructure of the tested spring steel
厂家 显微组织 中心偏析 脱碳层厚度/μm 晶粒度级别 夹杂物级别 全脱碳层 总脱碳层 国外H厂 S+P+F 0 0 38 7 A0.5，B0.5，C1，D0.5 国内Y厂 S+P+F 0 0 56 8 A0.5，B0.5，C0.5，D1，DS1.5 国内B厂 S+P+F 0 0 44 8 A0.5，B0.5，C0.5，D0.5e 
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表 2 弹簧钢线材夹杂物成分、尺寸、类型及盘条酸溶铝含量
Table 2. Inclusion composition, size, type and acid soluble aluminum content of the tested spring steel
编号 夹杂物成分/% 平均Al2O3
含量/%平均MgO
含量/%夹杂物尺寸
(长×宽)/μm夹杂物
类型盘条Als
含量×106Al2O3 MgO SiO2 MnO CaO 国外H厂 20.93 16.96 52.55 9.56 11.8 0.5 23.3×2.5 MnO-SiO2-Al2O3 (-MgO) 3 国内Y厂 50.9 22.5 14.04 12.56 23.6 24.5 4.7×4.7 CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO 23 国内B厂 92.17 1.84 3.18 2.81 89.6 4.4 4.1×3.1 Al2O3-SiO2-CaO (-MgO) 10
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