Experimental research on the recycling of valuable metal elements with the extracted-vanadium residues reduced by biomass
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摘要: 为解决提钒废渣堆积造成的土地资源浪费、污染环境等问题，以两种提钒废渣为研究对象，采用生物质作为还原剂进行高温还原试验，对还原产物进行组分分析、物相分析等，探究吸氧比、时间、温度对还原过程、产物金属化率的影响。结果表明，水浸提钒废渣在吸氧比为4、还原温度为1450 ℃、还原时间为2 h的条件下，铁金属化率可达到58.67%；沉钒废渣在吸氧比为1.75、还原温度为1550 ℃、还原时间为4 h的条件下，铬金属化率可达到99.19%。将两种提钒废渣混合，进行了生物质高温还原制备铬铁合金的初步试验验证，对在吸氧比4、还原时间3 h、反应温度1550 ℃条件下所得的还原产物进行熔分，合金中铬含量为61.51%，铁含量为31.05%，元素含量满足FeCr65C4.0牌号合金的国家标准要求。Abstract: In order to solve the problems of land resources waste and environmental pollution caused by accumulation of vanadium extraction tailings, two kinds of vanadium extraction tailings were studied in this paper. Biomass was used as reducing agent for high temperature reduction experiment, and the component analysis and phase analysis of reduction products were carried out to explore the influences of oxygen absorption ratio, time and temperature on metallization rate of reduction products. The results show that the iron metallization rate can reach 58.67% when the oxygen absorption ratio is 4, the reduction temperature is 1450 ℃ and the reduction time is 2 h. The chromium metallization rate of vanadium-precipitated waste slag can reach 99.19% when the oxygen absorption ratio is 1.75, the reduction temperature is 1550 ℃ and the reduction time is 4 h. Two kinds of vanadium extracting tailings were mixed to prepare ferrochromium alloy by high temperature reduction of biomass. The preliminary experiment proved that the reduction product was melted under the condition of oxygen absorption ratio of 4, reduction time of 3 hours and reaction temperature of 1550 ℃. The content of chromium in the alloy was 61.51%, the content of iron was 31.05%, and the content of elements met the national standard requirements of FeCr65C4.0 alloy.
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图 1 吸氧比对生物质还原水浸提钒废渣的影响
Figure 1. Effect of XAOR on the reduction of water leaching residues after vanadium extraction
图 2 还原时间对生物质还原水浸提钒废渣的影响
Figure 2. Effect of reduction time on the reduction of water leaching residues after vanadium extraction with biomass
图 3 还原温度对生物质还原水浸提钒废渣的影响
Figure 3. Effect of temperature on the reduction of water leaching residues after vanadium extraction with biomass
图 4 吸氧比对生物质还原沉钒废渣的影响
Figure 4. Effect of XAOR on the reduction of vanadium-precipitated residues with biomass
图 5 还原时间对生物质还原沉钒废渣的影响
Figure 5. Effect of reduction time on the reduction of vanadium-precipitated residues with biomass
图 6 还原温度对生物质还原沉钒废渣的影响
Figure 6. Effect of temperature on the reduction of vanadium-precipitated residues with biomass
表 1 水浸提钒废渣主要化学成分
Table 1. Main chemical composition of extracted-vanadium residues from water-immersed
% Fe2O3 SiO2 TiO2 MnO Cr2O3 CrO3 Al2O3 CaO MgO Na2O 49.37 14.93 12.17 8.32 7.58 0.60 3.55 1.65 1.09 0.73 
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表 2 沉钒废渣主要化学成分
Table 2. Main chemical composition of extracted-vanadium residues from sediment of vanadium
% Cr2O3 (NH4)2SO4 SiO2 V2O5 Na2O CaO K2O MgO Fe2O3 CrO3 67.46 17.49 9.57 1.78 1.19 1.02 0.12 0.09 0.05 1.22
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表 3 花生壳元素分析
Table 3. Element analysis of peanut shells
% C H O N S 总计 47.22 5.66 46.11 0.93 0.08 100
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表 4 还原条件与金属化率
Table 4. Reduction conditions and metallization rate
还原条件 铁金属化率/% 铬金属化率/% 吸氧比 还原时间/h 还原温度/℃ 4 3 1550 99.31 59.08
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表 5 合金主要化学成分与FeCr65C4.0牌号合金的国家标准
Table 5. Chemical composition of alloy and national standard of FeCr65C4.0
% Cr Fe C Si S 国家标准 60～70 ≤4 ≤3 ≤0.05 测试含量 61.51 31.05 2.3 2.72 0.04
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