Study on the biaxial tensile behavior of commercial pure titanium at room temperature
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摘要: 采用十字形试样对工业纯钛板材进行了双轴拉伸试验，利用数字图像相关方法(Digital Image Correlation, DIC)捕获应变响应，探讨了双轴拉伸应力状态对力学性能的影响。与单轴力学性能相比，双轴加载下材料强度明显提升，当X、Y两轴加载速率相等时，材料的屈服强度及抗拉强度最高。进一步利用背向散射衍射技术(Electron Back Scatter Diffraction, EBSD)分析双轴载荷比对孪晶行为的影响。沿轧制方向(RD)和横向(TD)单向加载时，孪晶体积分数较小，而双轴载荷下有较多孪晶，在等比载荷时有最大的孪晶体积分数，且当横向载荷大于轧制方向载荷时，拉伸孪晶体积分数高于压缩孪晶体积分数。Abstract: In this study, biaxial tensile tests were conducted on the commercial pure titanium plates using cruciform specimens. The impact of biaxial tensile stress state on the mechanical properties was explored through Digital Image Correlation (DIC) to capture the strain response. The effect of biaxial tensile stress states on the mechanical properties of specimens was discussed. Compared to uniaxial mechanical properties, the biaxial loading material strength demonstrated a significant improvement. When the loading rates of X-axis and Y-axis are equal, the yield strength and tensile strength of the material reach the maximum. Electron Back Scatter Diffraction (EBSD) was further employed to analyze the influence of the biaxial load ratio on twinning behavior. Under uniaxial tension along the rolling direction (RD) or transverse direction (TD), the volume fraction of twins was found to be small, while there were more twins under biaxial loading and a maximum volume fraction of twins under equal load. Notably, when the load in the transverse direction exceeded that in the rolling direction, the volume fraction of tension twins surpassed that of compression twins.
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Key words:
- TA2 /
- tensile property /
- biaxial load ratio /
- EBSD /
- DIC /
- twin
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图 3 双轴拉伸试验及DIC系统
(a) IPBF-5000；(b) 相机；(c) 卤素灯
Figure 3. Biaxial tensile testing and DIC system
图 4 等效应变及裂纹路径
(a) 弹性阶段等效应变； (b) 塑性阶段等效应变； (c) 等比例载荷试样裂纹路径
Figure 4. Equivalent strain and crack path
图 5 不同载荷比下真实应力-应变曲线
Figure 5. True stress-true strain curve under different loading ratios
(a) RD；(b) TD
图 6 不同载荷比下材料的屈服强度
Figure 6. Yield strength of the material under different loading ratios
图 7 不同载荷条件下的试样晶界
Figure 7. Band contrast map with superimposed grain boundaries under different loading conditions
(a) $ {F}_{\rm{RD}} $:$ {F}_{\rm{TD}} $=4:0； (b) $ {F}_{\rm{RD}} $:$ {F}_{\rm{TD}} $=4:2； (c) $ {F}_{\rm{RD}} $:$ {F}_{\rm{TD}} $=4:4； (d) $ {F}_{\rm{RD}} $:$ {F}_{\rm{TD}} $=2:4 ；(e) $ {F}_{\rm{RD}} $:$ {F}_{\rm{TD}} $=0:4
图 8 孪晶统计分析结果
(a) 总的孪晶体积分数；(b) 压缩孪晶体积分数；(c) 拉伸孪晶体积分数
Figure 8. Statistics analysis results of twins
图 9 不同载荷比变形后极图
Figure 9. Pole figure maps after deformation with different loading ratios
(a) $ {F}_{{\mathrm{RD}}} $:$ {F}_{{\mathrm{TD}}} $=4:0； (b) $ {F}_{{\mathrm{RD}}} $:$ {F}_{{\mathrm{TD}}} $=4:2； (c) $ {F}_{{\mathrm{RD}}} $:$ {F}_{{\mathrm{TD}}} $=4:4； (d) $ {F}_{{\mathrm{RD}}} $:$ {F}_{{\mathrm{TD}}} $=2:4； (e) $ {F}_{{\mathrm{RD}}} $:$ {F}_{{\mathrm{TD}}} $=0:4
表 1 TA2的化学成分
Table 1. Chemical composition of TA2
% Fe C N H O Ti 0.034 0.018 0.011 0.002 0.127 99.808 
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