Effects of solution treatment on the microstructures and properties of high nitrogen nickel-free stainless steel prepared by MIM
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摘要: 为了提高粉末注射成形技术制备的高氮无镍奥氏体不锈钢的性能，开展了后续固溶热处理。系统研究了固溶温度、固溶保温时间对不锈钢微观组织和力学性能的影响，并对固溶前后不锈钢样品的耐腐蚀性能进行了比较。结果显示：渗氮烧结后奥氏体基体中析出的Cr2N第二相影响了不锈钢的力学和耐腐蚀性能。固溶处理后，烧结形成的Cr2N第二相消失，为纯奥氏体组织。当固溶温度为
1150 ℃，固溶保温时间为10 min时，不锈钢抗拉强度达到889 MPa，延伸率达到16.8%，力学性能最优。与固溶处理前相比，固溶处理后不锈钢样品腐蚀评级由0级提高到10级，耐腐蚀性能大幅提高。Abstract: In this study, subsequent solution heat treatment was carried out in order to improve the properties of high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic (HNNFA) stainless steel prepared by MIM. The effects of solution temperature and duration on the microstructures and mechanical properties of HNNFA stainless steel were systematically studied. In addition, the corrosion resistances of stainless steel specimens before and after solution treatment were compared. The results show that Cr2N precipitates in the austenitic matrix after sintering, thus affecting the mechanical and corrosion resistance of the HNNFA stainless steel. The secondary phase of Cr2N disappears after solution heat treatment and the microstructure is composed of pure austenite. When the solution temperature is 1 150 ℃ and the holding time is 10 min, the HNNFA stainless steel has the best mechanical properties. Its tensile strength reaches 889 MPa and elongation reaches 16.8%. Compared with the specimens before solid solution treatment, the corrosion rating of HNNFA stainless steel after solution treatment is increased from 0 to 10, and the corrosion resistance is greatly improved. -
图 1 样品微观组织形貌
(a)烧结未固溶处理；(b)固溶温度为850 ℃；(c)固溶温度为950 ℃；(d) 固溶温度为1150 ℃ (A：析出相；B：孔隙)
Figure 1. Microstructures of the sintered sample
图 2 烧结样品EDS面扫描及元素分布
Figure 2. SEM surface scanning elemental analysis of the sintered sample
图 3 烧结试样Cr2N析出TEM照片
Figure 3. TEM analysis of Cr2N precipitation in the sintered sample
图 4
1150 ℃不同固溶时间处理样品的微观组织形貌(a)未进行固溶处理；(b)固溶处理10 min；(c)固溶处理50 min；(d)固溶处理90 min
Figure 4. Microstructures of samples with different annealing times at
1150 ℃
图 5
1150 ℃×10 min固溶处理样品的XRD物相分析(a)烧结样品外表面；(b)烧结样品内部；(c)固溶处理样品
Figure 5. XRD patterns of samples after solution treatment at
1150 ℃×10 min
图 6 拉伸断口形貌
(a) 烧结样品；(b) 1 150 ℃×10 min固溶处理后样品
Figure 6. SEM morphology of the fracture surface
图 7 盐雾试验后试样表面微观形貌
(a)未固溶处理；(b)1 150 ℃固溶处理10 min后
Figure 7. Surface microscopic morphology of samples after salt spray tests
表 1 高氮无镍不锈钢的化学成分
Table 1. Chemical composition of the sintered stainless steel %
C N Cr Mo Mn 其它 Fe 0.02 0.76 17.5 3.5 12 0.1 余量 
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表 2 不同固溶时间下样品的力学性能
Table 2. Mechanical properties of samples with different annealing times at
1150 ℃固溶时间/min 屈服强度/ MPa 抗拉强度 /MPa 延伸率/% 0 665 819 2.6 10 648 889 16.8 50 614 832 10.5 90 602 682 8.5
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