Analysis of microstructures, inclusions and carbides of G95Cr18 bearing steel billets by mold casting
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摘要: 基于Thermo-calc软件分析了G95Cr18轴承钢基体组织、相变及碳化物析出情况，用金相显微镜、扫描电镜对模铸坯组织、夹杂物和碳化物进行了解析。研究表明，在G95Cr18轴承钢铸坯中，夹杂物主要成分为Ce、O、Al、Ca等，夹杂物类型主要为稀土氧硫化物Ce-Al-O-Ca-S，同时还发现少量镁铝尖晶石Al-Mg-O，夹杂物密度为31～48 mm-2，夹杂物尺寸集中分布在2.2～2.6 μm，夹杂物面积占比为0.02%～0.03%；碳化物边部至心部面积占比由3.0%逐渐增加到7.5%，碳化物形貌有块状→棒状→长条状→网状的转变趋势，靠近铸坯心部网状碳化物大多沿晶界分布；碳化物类型为：亮白色富含Nb的MC型碳化物和灰色富含Cr元素的M7C3型碳化物。MC型碳化物的尺寸相较M7C3型碳化物小，在晶内以块状碳化物形式存在，在晶界处以网状碳化物形式存在。
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关键词:
- G95Cr18轴承钢 /
- 夹杂物 /
- 碳化物 /
- Thermo-calc软件
Abstract: Based on Thermo-calc software, the matrix structure, phase transformation and carbides precipitation of G95Cr18 bearing steel were analyzed. Metallographic microscope and scanning electron microscope were used to analyze the mold casting billets structures, inclusions and carbides. The research shows that the main components of inclusions in the casting slab of G95Cr18 bearing steel are Ce, O, Al, Ca and a few other elements. The main type of inclusions is rare earth oxygen sulfide Ce-Al-O-Ca-S, and a small amount of magnesia-aluminum spinel Al-Mg-O is also found. The inclusion density is 31 - 48 mm-2, and the average sizes of inclusions are concentrated in a range of 2.2 μm to 2.6 μm with the inclusion area proportion of 0.02% to 0.03%. The area proportion of carbides from the edge to the core increases from 3.0% to 7.5%, and the morphology of carbides shows a transforming trend of block → rod → strip → network. Most of the network carbides near the core are distributed along the grain boundaries. These types of carbides are composed of bright white Nb-enriched MC carbides and gray M7C3 carbides enriched in Cr, respectively. The sizes of MC carbides are smaller than that of M7C3 carbides, and they present as massive carbides in the matrix and network carbides in the grain boundary.-
Key words:
- G95Cr18 bearing steel /
- inclusion /
- carbides /
- Thermo-calc software
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图 2 G95Cr18钢平衡凝固相图
Figure 2. Equilibrium solidification phase diagram of G95Cr18 steel
图 3 G95Cr18钢模铸坯典型夹杂物成分及形貌
(a1)~(a3)边部; (b1)~(b3)1/4处; (c1)~(c3)心部
Figure 3. Composition and morphology of typical inclusions in mold casting billets of G95Cr18 steel
图 4 G95Cr18钢模铸坯由边部到心部金相照片
(a)～(h)分别对应边部到心部1#～8#样品
Figure 4. Metallographic photos of G95Cr18 mold billets sampled from edge to center
图 5 G95Cr18钢模铸坯不同部位夹杂物分布情况
Figure 5. Distribution of inclusions in different parts of G95Cr18 mold casting billets
图 6 G95Cr18钢模铸坯典型碳化物金相组织电镜扫描
(a)(d)为边部2#样，(b)(e)为1/4处5#样，(c)(f)为心部8#样
Figure 6. Electron microscope scanning photos of typical carbides microstructures of G95Cr18 mold casting billets
图 7 G95Cr18轴承钢碳化物形态转变
(a)~(h)为边部到心部
Figure 7. Form transformation of carbides in G95Cr18 steel
图 8 G95Cr18轴承钢碳化物面积占比及分布
Figure 8. Area proportion and distribution of carbides in G95Cr18 steel
图 9 G95Cr18钢平衡相所含主要元素
Figure 9. Main elements contained in the equilibrium phases of G95Cr18 steel
表 1 G95Cr18钢主要化学成分
Table 1. Main chemical composition of G95Cr18 steel
% C Si Mn P S Cr Ni Mo Nb Al Ce 0.900 0.22 0.38 0.026 0.001 17.29 0.21 0.02 0.014 0.008 0.005 
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表 2 G95Cr18钢典型碳化物的能谱成分
Table 2. Energy spectrum components of typical carbide in G95Cr18 steel
% 能谱点 Fe Cr Mo C Nb Ti P1 18.80 5.61 3.00 5.22 51.05 16.31 P2 29.06 66.34 1.21 3.39 0 0 P3 0 0 6.26 7.35 73.54 12.85 P4 29.14 66.32 1.16 3.38 0 0 P5 4.76 0 3.59 6.74 67.08 17.83 P6 28.71 67.85 0 3.43 0 0 P7 28.92 65.62 1.85 3.61 0 0 P8 28.36 67.95 0 3.69 0 0 P9 28.82 67.59 0 3.59 0 0 P10 27.93 67.62 0.98 3.47 0 0
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