TC4钛合金锻态板材TIG焊后组织与性能研究

张航; 祖国庆; 王大臣; 王雅凤; 李涵博; 刘杰

doi:10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2024.05.008

TC4钛合金锻态板材TIG焊后组织与性能研究

doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2024.05.008

张航^1,,
祖国庆^{1, 2, ,},
王大臣¹,
王雅凤¹,
李涵博¹,
刘杰³

1.
中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司, 吉林长春130062
2.
长春工业大学, 教育部先进结构材料重点实验室, 吉林长春 130012
3.
长春工程学院, 吉林长春 130012

基金项目: 吉林省科技发展计划项目（20230201149GX）；中国博士后科学基金项目（2022T150074, 2021M693904）。

详细信息

作者简介:
张航，1985年出生，男，汉族，吉林长春人，硕士，高级工程师，主要从事材料失效及先进连接技术研究，E-mail：13104407541@163.com

通讯作者:
祖国庆，1986年出生，男，汉族，黑龙江齐齐哈尔人，博士，副教授，主要从事金属材料强韧性研究，E-mail：guoqingzu@yeah.net

中图分类号: TF823,TG407
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-02-26
- 网络出版日期: 2024-10-30
- 刊出日期: 2024-10-30

Research on TIG welding organizational and performance of TC4 forge alloy

Zhang Hang^1
,,
Zu Guoqing^{1, 2
, ,},
Wang Dachen¹,
Wang Yafeng¹,
Li Hanbo¹,
Liu Jie³

1.
CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co., Ltd., Changchun 130062, Jilin,China
2.
Changchun University of Technology,Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China
3.
Changchun Institute of Technology, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China

摘要

摘要: 采用非熔化极钨极氩弧焊（TIG）对厚度14 mm的TC4锻态钛合金板材进行多层多道对接焊接试验，研究了焊接接头的金相组织、晶体取向、力学性能。结果表明：TC4钛合金焊接接头焊缝成形美观，焊核区组织多为柱状晶和细长针状马氏体α′相，热影响区为（α+β）+α′相，母材区为（α+β）相。对应于晶体取向关系，焊核区晶粒交错分布按不同物相呈现一定择优取向，其中打底焊位置晶粒取向更多沿<111>与<001>方向，而母材晶粒取向分布不均匀。焊接件的抗拉强度和断后延伸率分别为982 MPa和6.0%，低于母材，弯曲试验均产生裂纹或断裂。从焊缝中心到母材，接头硬度值呈现先降低后升高的变化趋势，其中焊核区盖面焊层的显微硬度略低于打底焊层。
- 钛合金 /
- TIG焊接 /
- 显微组织 /
- EBSD /
- 力学性能
Abstract: TC4 forged titanium plates with a thickness of 14 mm were multi-layer and multi-pass butt welded by non-melting tungsten inert gas welding (TIG), and the metallographic structure, crystal orientation and mechanical properties of the joints were investigated. The results show that the weld seams of TC4 titanium alloy welding joints are nicely formed, and the welding zone microstructure is mainly composed of columnar crystal and elongated acicular martensite α' phase. The microstructure of heat-affected zone is (α+β)+α′ phase, and base metal microstructure is (α+β) phase. Corresponding to the crystal orientation relationship, the grain interlacing distribution in the welding zone shows a certain preferred orientation according to different phases, among which the <111> and <001> direction is more preferred for the grain orientation at the bottom welding position, while the grain orientation distribution of base metal is not uniform. The tensile strength and elongation after fracture of the welding joint are 982 MPa and 6.0%, respectively, which are lower than those of the base metal, and all the bending tests produce cracks or fractures. The joint hardness first decreases and then increases from welding zone center to base metal, with the microhardness of the welding zone cover weld layer is slightly lower than that in the bottom weld layer.
- titanium alloy /
- TIG welding /
- microstructure /
- EBSD /
- mechanical properties

HTML全文

图 1 焊缝表面宏观形貌

Figure 1. Macro morphology of welding surface

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图 2 焊缝接头横截面形貌

Figure 2. Transverse morphology of the welding joint

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图 3 焊接接头组织形貌

(a) 盖面焊层；(b) 填充层焊；(c) 打底焊层；(d) 热影响区；(e) 母材区

Figure 3. Microstructures of the welding joint

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图 4 接头EBSD晶体取向分布

（a）盖面焊；(b) 填充焊；(c) 打底焊；(d) 母材区

Figure 4. Crystal orientation distribution of the welding joint

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图 5 接头焊缝区极图与反极图

Figure 5. Polar and Reverse Polar figures of the joint welding zone

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图 6 接头母材区极图与反极图

Figure 6. Polar and Reverse Polar figures of the joint base metal

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图 7 拉伸试样断裂位置

(a) 焊接件；(b) 母材

Figure 7. Fracture location of the tensile samples

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图 8 拉伸试样断口形貌

(a) 焊接件； (b) 母材

Figure 8. Fracture morphology of the tensile samples

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图 9 TC4钛合金接头显微硬度测试位置

Figure 9. Microhardness testing location of TC4 alloy joint

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图 10 接头显微硬度分布

(a) 不同焊层横截面方向； (b) 焊核区板材厚度方向

Figure 10. Microhardness distribution of the joint

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图 11 弯曲试验形貌

(a) 焊接件； (b) 母材

Figure 11. Bending test morphology

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表 1 TC4钛合金化学成分

Table 1. Chemical composition of TC4 alloy %

Al	V	Fe	C	N	H	O	Ti
5.5～6.75	3.5～4.5	0.30	0.08	0.05	0.015	0.20	余量

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表 2 焊接工艺参数

Table 2. Welding parameters

板厚/mm	焊缝层道数	焊接电流/A	焊接电压/V	焊接速度/(mm·min⁻¹）	气体流量/（L·min⁻¹）
14	12～15	110	17～18	60～120	18～20

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表 3 ERTi6Al4V钛合金焊丝的化学成分

Table 3. Chemical composition of ERTi6Al4V alloy %

Ti	Al	V	Fe	O	C	N	H
余量	5.5~6.75	3.5~4.5	0.25	0.18	0.05	0.05	0.012

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表 4 TC4钛合金接头晶粒分析结果

Table 4. Grain analysis results of TC4 welding joint

位置	Area/µm²	D/µm	Major/µm	GOS/°	位置	Area/µm²	D/µm	Major/µm	GOS/°
盖面焊	13.80	3.18	5.06	0.97	打底焊	22.76	3.49	4.99	0.86
填充焊	14.02	3.32	4.92	0.92	母材区	35.66	5.03	6.29	2.70

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表 5 拉伸性能

Table 5. Tensile mechanical properties

试样编号	抗拉强度σ_b/MPa	断后延伸率δ/%	断裂位置
焊接件-1	988	6.0	焊缝
焊接件-2	975	5.5	焊缝
母材-1	1021	14.0	标距内
母材-2	1035	15.5	标距内

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