钒钛磁铁矿高炉冶炼理论燃烧温度控制研究

郑魁; 王炜; 干显; 谢洪恩; 付卫国; 董晓森

doi:10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2024.05.017

钒钛磁铁矿高炉冶炼理论燃烧温度控制研究

doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2024.05.017

郑魁^{1, 2},
王炜²,
干显³,
谢洪恩¹,
付卫国¹,
董晓森¹

1.
钒钛资源综合利用国家重点实验室, 攀钢集团研究院有限公司, 四川攀枝花 617000
2.
钢铁冶金及资源利用省部共建教育部重点实验室, 武汉科技大学, 湖北武汉 430081
3.
攀钢集团西昌钢钒有限公司, 四川凉山 615000

详细信息

中图分类号: TF051
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-11-10
- 网络出版日期: 2024-10-30
- 刊出日期: 2024-10-30

Research on theoretical combustion temperature control of V-Ti magnetite blast furnace smelting

1.
State Key Laboratory of Vanadium and Titanium Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Pangang Group Research Institute Co., Ltd, Panzhihua 617000, Sichuan, China
2.
Key Laboratory for Ferous Metallurgy and Resources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, Hubei, China
3.
Pangang Group Xichang Steel & Vanadium Co., Ltd., Liangshan 615000, Sichuan, China

摘要

摘要: 风口前理论燃烧温度是评价高炉炉缸热状态的重要参数之一。在传统理论燃烧温度计算模型基础上，综合考虑了灰分、未燃煤粉、SiO₂气化率等因素对理论燃烧温度的影响，修正了理论燃烧温度计算模型。研究结果表明，传统计算模型忽略的因素对理论燃烧温度的影响程度为53～55 ℃；富氧率、喷煤量、鼓风湿度、风温、煤粉燃料率、煤粉预热温度、灰分、SiO₂气化率对理论燃烧温度的影响程度依次递减；攀枝花钢钒公司高炉适宜的理论燃烧温度在2160～2320 ℃，鼓风湿度恒定的情况下，理论燃烧温度适宜的控制范围在2220～2280 ℃。将理论燃烧温度实时在线计算应用于高炉生产操作调控后，有效促进了高炉稳定顺行，降低了高炉燃料消耗。
- 高炉 /
- 理论燃烧温度 /
- 计算模型 /
- 修正
Abstract: The theoretical combustion temperature in front of the tuyere is one of the important parameters for evaluating the thermal state of the blast furnace hearth. On the basis of the traditional theoretical combustion temperature calculation model, the influence of ash content, unburned coal powder, and SiO₂ gasification rate on the theoretical combustion temperature was comprehensively considered, and the theoretical combustion temperature calculation model was revised. The research results indicate that, the influence of factors ignored by traditional calculation models on the theoretical combustion temperature ranges from 53 to 55 ℃. The influence of oxygen enrichment rate, coal injection rate, blowing humidity, air temperature, coal fuel rate, coal preheating temperature, ash content, and SiO₂ gasification rate on the theoretical combustion temperature decreases in sequence. The suitable theoretical combustion temperature control range for the blast furnace at Panzhihua Steel & Vanadium Co., Ltd. is 2160~2320 ℃. And under the condition of constant blowing humidity, the suitable control range for the theoretical combustion temperature is 2220~2 280 ℃. After applying real-time online calculation of theoretical combustion temperature to the regulation of blast furnace production operations, it effectively promotes
- blast furnace /
- theoretical combustion temperature /
- calculation model /
- revise

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图 1 理论燃烧温度计算模型

Figure 1. Theoretical combustion temperature calculation model

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图 2 理论燃烧温度计算流程

Figure 2. Theoretical combustion temperature calculation flowchart

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图 3 理论燃烧温度计算模型修正前后计算结果对比

Figure 3. Calculation results of theoretical combustion temperature calculation model before and after correction

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图 4 攀钢钒1^#高炉理论燃烧温度变化

Figure 4. Theoretical combustion temperature change of 1^# blast furnace of Pansteel

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图 5 攀枝花各月空气含水量统计

Figure 5. Statistics of air moisture content in Panzhihua

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图 6 攀钢钒各高炉富氧率（a）和喷煤比（b）变化

Figure 6. Changes in oxygen enrichment rate (a) and coal injection ratio (b) of blast furnaces of Pansteel

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图 7 风温对理论燃烧温度的影响

Figure 7. The influence of hot-blast temperature on theoretical combustion temperature

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图 8 富氧对理论燃烧温度的影响

Figure 8. The influence of oxygen enrichment rate on theoretical combustion temperature

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图 9 煤比对理论燃烧温度的影响

Figure 9. The influence of coal injection ratio on theoretical combustion temperature

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图 10 不同鼓风湿度和喷煤比对应的富氧上限

Figure 10. Upper limits of oxygen enrichment corresponding to different blowing humidity and coal injection ratios

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表 1 炼铁常用气体热容系数数据

Table 1. Heat capacity coefficient data of commonly used gases in ironmaking

气体	a	b	c	温度范围/ ℃
O₂	7.16	0.00100	−40000	25～2700
N₂	6.66	0.00102	0	25～2700
H₂	6.52	0.00078	12000	25～2700
CO	6.79	0.00098	−11000	25～2700
H₂O	7.17	0.00256	8000	25～2700

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表 2 焦炭和喷吹煤粉成分

Table 2. Compositions of coke and pulverized coal injection %

	固定C	挥发分	灰分	水分	灰中成分
	固定C	挥发分	灰分	水分	CaO	SiO₂	MgO	Al₂O₃
焦炭	86.14	1.27	12.75	0	4.49	53.61	1.95	23.82
煤粉	76.81	12.21	12.52	0.50	7.14	47.61	2.98	22.35

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表 3 喷吹煤粉元素含量和发热值

Table 3. Element content and calorific value of coal injection

	C _ad/%	H _ad/%	N _ad/%	O _ad/%	低位发热值 /（J·g⁻¹）
煤粉	77.62	3.41	0.8	3.01	32041.37

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表 4 相关高炉操作参数

Table 4. Relevant blast furnace operating parameters

风量/ （m³·min⁻¹）	风温/ ℃	富氧量/ （m³·h⁻¹）	鼓风湿度/ （g·m⁻³）	喷煤量/ （t·h⁻¹）	焦比/ （kg·t⁻¹）	煤比/ （kg·t⁻¹）	煤粉温度/ ℃	煤粉燃烧率/ %	日产量/ t
3000	1210	3500	9	15.8	440	110	60	80	3350

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表 5 各变量对理论燃烧温度的影响

Table 5. The influence of various variables on the theoretical combustion temperature

变量	变化幅度	T_f变化/ ℃
风温	10	+6.94
煤粉预热温度	10	+0.45
喷煤比	10	−15.02
鼓风湿度	1	-4.95
煤粉燃烧率	10	+5.47
喷煤速率	1	−10.76
富氧率	1	+45.6
SiO₂气化率	1	−1
喷吹煤灰分	1	−1.42
焦炭灰分	1	-2.4
注：变量变化幅度：风温和煤粉预热温度以10 ℃计，喷煤比以10 kg/t计，鼓风湿度以1 g/m³计，煤粉燃烧率以10%计，喷煤速率以1 t/h计，其余以变化1%计。

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表 6 各国钢铁企业理论燃烧温度控制范围

Table 6. Theoretical combustion temperature control range of steel enterprises in various countries

国家	公司	T_f / ℃	国家	公司	T_f / ℃
荷兰	hoogyens	2150～2350	德国	shwelgen	2250～2300
法国	索拉克	2100～2160	中国	宝钢	2000～2300
日本	福山	2200～2400	中国	首钢A高炉	2165～2365
日本	君津3^#	2300～2350	中国	首钢B高炉	2165～2280
日本	鹿岛3^#	2400～2450	中国	国丰1^#	2100～2300

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表 7 富氧、喷煤、鼓风湿度搭配方案

Table 7. Matching scheme for oxygen enrichment rate, coal injection, and air blast humidity

富氧	喷煤/(kg·t⁻¹)	鼓风湿度（HB）/(g·m⁻³)
高	高（160）	高(18)
高	高（160）	低 (6)
高	低（110）	低 (6)
低	高（160）	高(18)
低	低（110）	高(18)
低	低（110）	低 (6)

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表 8 2018年理论燃烧温度上线运行前后攀钢钒高炉主要技术经济指标

Table 8. Main technical and economic indicators of blast furnace before and after the theoretical combustion temperature was put into operation in 2018 at Pansteel

高炉	利用系数/[t·(m³·d⁻¹）]			燃料比/（kg·t⁻¹）
高炉	1～6月	7～12月	比较	1～6月	7～12月	比较
1^#	2.713	2.745	0.032	566.1	558.0	−8.1
2^#	2.711	2.816	0.105	566.1	556.9	−9.2
3^#	2.695	2.680	−0.014	566.2	561.2	−5.0
新3^#	2.179	2.315	0.136	580.4	573.6	−6.8

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