Analysis of inclusions and carbides in mold casting billets of Cr12MoV steel
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摘要: 使用Factsage热力学软件计算Cr12MoV冷作模具钢中不同相的转变、不同夹杂物和碳化物析出情况，OM与SEM等对模铸坯的夹杂物与碳化物进行解析。研究表明，Cr12MoV钢中主要是不规则稀土复合氧硫化物和硫化物夹杂，具体为Ce2S3、Ce2O2S和La2S3夹杂，而Al2O3和MnS夹杂经过稀土元素的改质后，几乎都以稀土复合氧硫化物和硫化物夹杂形式存在于模铸坯中，夹杂物密度和面积比例分别为102～136个/mm2和0.06%～0.15%，夹杂物等效直径集中分布于2.5～3.0 μm。Cr12MoV冷作模具钢中含有大量碳化物，其类型为富Fe和Cr的M23C6型的共晶碳化物，铸坯心部的碳化物平均等效直径为4.9 μm，边部化物平均等效直径为3.7 μm，从铸坯边部到心部碳化物面积比例为2.94%～4.31%。Abstract: The transformation of different phases, the precipitation of inclusions and carbides in the Cr12MoV cold work die steel were calculated using Factsage thermodynamic software. The inclusions and carbides of the mold casting billets were analyzed using OM and SEM. It is shown that Cr12MoV steel is dominated by irregular rare-earth complex oxygen sulfide and sulfide inclusions, specifically Ce2S3, Ce2O2S and La2S3 inclusions. The Al2O3 and the MnS inclusions exist in the mold-cast billet in the form of rare-earth complex oxygen sulfide and sulfide inclusions after modification by rare earth elements. The density and area ratio of inclusions are 102～136 pieces /mm2 and 0.06%～0.15%, respectively. The equivalent diameters of inclusions are mainly in the range of 2.5～3.0 μm. Cr12MoV cold work mold steel contains a large number of carbides, in which the carbides are Fe-riched and Cr-riched eutectic carbides of M23C6 type. The average equivalent diameter of carbides in the center of billets is 4.9 μm and 3.7 μm at the edge. The area proportion of carbides from the edge to the center of billets ranges from 2.94% to 4.31%.
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Key words:
- Cr12MoV /
- mold casting billets /
- rare earth /
- inclusions /
- carbides
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图 3 Cr12MoV冷作模具钢平衡凝固相图
Figure 3. Equilibrium solidification phase diagram of Cr12MoV steel
图 4 Cr12MoV钢模铸坯由边部到心部金相照片
(a) 1#样；（b）2#样；（c）3#样；（d）4#样；（e）5#样；（f）6#样；（g）7#样
Figure 4. Metallographic photos of Cr12MoV steel mold billet from edge to center
图 5 Cr12MoV钢模铸坯不同部位夹杂物分布情况
（a）夹杂物密度、面积占比与平均等效直径；（b）夹杂物等效直径分布
Figure 5. Distribution of inclusions in different parts of Cr12MoV steel mold casting billet
图 6 Cr12MoV钢模铸坯不同部位夹杂物分布情况
(a)～(c)边部；(d)～(f)1/4处；(g)～(i)心部
Figure 6. Composition and morphology of typical inclusions in Cr12MoV steel mold casting billet
图 7 Cr12MoV冷作模具钢平衡相所含主要元素
Figure 7. Main elements contained in the equilibrium phases of Cr12MoV steel
图 8 Cr12MoV钢模铸坯典型碳化物金相
（a）边部；（b）1/4处；（c）心部
Figure 8. Typical carbide metallographic structure of Cr12MoV steel mold cast billet
图 9 Cr12MoV钢模铸坯典型碳化物三维形貌
(a)(b)边部；(c)(d)1/4处；(e)(f)心部
Figure 9. Three-dimensional morphology of typical carbides in Cr12MoV steel mold casting billets
图 10 Cr12MoV钢模铸坯不同部位碳化物分布情况
Figure 10. Distribution of carbides in different parts of Cr12MoV steel mold casting billet
图 12 Cr12MoV钢典型碳化物成分及形貌
(a)(d)边部；(b)(e)1/4处；(c)(f)心部
Figure 12. Composition and morphology of typical carbides in Cr12MoV steel
表 1 Cr12MoV钢主要化学成分
Table 1. Main chemical composition of Cr12MoV steel
% C Si Mn P S Cr Mo V La Ce 1.55 0.26 0.30 0.02 0.0025 11.75 0.50 0.25 0.002 0.003 
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表 2 Cr12MoV钢不同碳化物中的元素成分
Table 2. Energy spectrum composition of typical carbides in Cr12MoV steel
% 能谱点 Fe Cr Mo C P1 54.46 40.52 1.44 6.38 P2 56.76 40.81 1.80 5.64 P3 51.05 40.00 1.23 5.50 P4 53.36 38.74 1.15 5.61 P5 53.54 39.42 1.61 5.43 P6 52.98 42.67 0.63 3.73 P7 53.89 37.50 1.91 5.51 P8 51.62 42.57 2.05 4.96 P9 51.62 40.33 1.94 4.69
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