Low cycle fatigue characteristics and life prediction methods for different regions of 316L welded joints
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摘要: 系统研究了316L母材、焊材、焊接接头三种试样的高温低周疲劳特性，通过在传统寿命预测模型中引入疲劳寿命减损系数，实现了焊接接头不同区域的低周疲劳寿命预测。结果表明，低周疲劳过程中，三种试样均在初期快速硬化，然后进入稳定循环状态，最后峰值应力快速下降并失效，其中母材硬化持续周次最长，焊材与焊接接头的硬化持续周次相对较短。随着应变幅值的增加，三者的疲劳寿命显著降低，其中母材疲劳寿命明显高于焊材及焊接接头，焊材与焊接接头的疲劳寿命相近。基于母材低周疲劳寿命，采用寿命减损系数对不同材料的低周疲劳寿命进行等效处理，选用多种寿命预测模型对三种试样的等温疲劳寿命进行预测，其中广义应变能损伤函数法在五个模型中表现出最强的适用性。Abstract: In this paper, the high-temperature low-cycle fatigue characteristics of three types of materials: 316L base metal, welded material, and welded joints were systematically studied. By introducing a fatigue life reduction coefficient into the traditional life prediction model, the low-cycle fatigue life prediction of different regions of the welded joints has been achieved. The results show that during the low-cycle fatigue process, all three materials undergo initial rapid hardening, then enter a stable cyclic state, and finally experience a rapid decrease in peak stress followed by failure. Among them, the base metal has the longest duration of hardening, while the hardening duration of the welded material and welded joints is relatively shorter. With the increase of strain amplitude, the fatigue life of the three materials significantly decreases. The fatigue life of the base metal is significantly higher than that of the welded material and welded joints, while the fatigue lifes of the welded material and welded joints are similar. Based on the low-cycle fatigue life of the base metal, the fatigue lifes of different materials are equivalently processed using a life reduction coefficient. Multiple life prediction models are selected to predict and evaluate the isothermal fatigue life of the three materials. It is found out that Generalized Strain Energy Damage Function (GSEDF) method can achieve the best agreement with measured result.
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Key words:
- 316L /
- welded joint /
- low cycle fatigue /
- life prediction
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图 1 低周疲劳试样及取样位置
(a)焊材试样；(b)焊接接头试样；(c)母材试样
Figure 1. Low cycle fatigue specimen and sampling location
图 2 不同应变幅值下的循环峰值应力响应曲线
(a)母材；(b)焊材；(c)焊接接头
Figure 2. Cyclic peak stress response curves under various strain amplitudes
图 3 三种材料的硬化与软化趋势
(a)硬化持续时间曲线；(b)硬化量曲线；(c)软化速率曲线
Figure 3. Evolution of hardening and softening of the three materials
图 4 不同材料半寿命周期的循环应力-应变曲线
(a) 0.4%；(b) 0.5%；(c) 0.6%；(d) 0.7%
Figure 4. Cyclic stress–strain curves at half-life cycle of different materials
图 5 不同应变幅值下不同材料非弹性应变变化规律
(a) 0.4%；(b) 0.5%；(c) 0.6%；(d) 0.8%
Figure 5. Variation of the inelastic strain of different materials under different strain amplitudes
图 6 不同应变幅值下不同材料非弹性应变能密度变化规律
(a) 0.4%；(b) 0.5%；(c) 0.6%；(d) 0.8%
Figure 6. Variation of the inelastic strain energy density of different materials under different strain amplitudes
图 7 母材、焊材、焊接接头在不同应变幅值下的疲劳寿命
(a)不同应变幅值下的低周疲劳寿命及拟合曲线；(b)疲劳寿命减损系数曲线
Figure 7. Fatigue life of three materials under different strain amplitudes
图 8 基于Manson-Coffin 寿命预测模型的低周疲劳寿命预测值与试验值的比较
Figure 8. Comparison of predicted and experimental values of fatigue life based on the Manson-Coffin model
图 9 基于能量法的等温疲劳寿命预测值与试验值的比较
Figure 9. Comparison of predicted and measured values of fatigue life based on energy method
图 10 基于广义应变能损伤函数法的寿命预测结果与试验值的比较
Figure 10. Comparison of predicted and measured values of fatigue life based on GSEDF
图 11 基于断裂能预测法的寿命预测结果与试验值的比较
Figure 11. Comparison of predicted and measured values of fatigue life based on FE
图 12 基于Ostergern 损伤函数模型的寿命预测结果与试验值的比较
Figure 12. Comparison of predicted and measured values of fatigue life based on Ostergern damage function model
图 13 五种寿命预测模型的寿命预测结果平均相对误差的对比
Figure 13. Comparison of the mean relative error of life prediction results from five life prediction models
表 1 316Ｌ母材和焊材的主要化学成分
Table 1. Main chemical compositions of 316L base metal and weld metal
% 材料 C Cr Ni Mo Mn Si P S 母材 0.018 17.80 12.08 2.23 1.08 0.35 0.019 0.001 焊材 0.020 19.64 13.20 2.33 1.50 0.28 0.014 0.007 
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表 2 不同应变幅值下316L母材、焊材、焊接接头等温低周疲劳试验方案
Table 2. Isothermal low-cycle fatigue test scheme for 316L base material, welded metal and welded joint under different strain amplitudes
试样编号 温度/ ℃ 应变幅值/% 周期/s BMIF04550 550 ±0.4 80 BMIF05550 550 ±0.5 100 BMIF06550 550 ±0.6 120 BMIF08550 550 ±0.8 160 WJIF04550 550 ±0.4 80 WJIF05550 550 ±0.5 100 WJIF06550 550 ±0.6 120 WJIF08550 550 ±0.8 160 WMIF04550 550 ±0.4 80 WMIF05550 550 ±0.5 100 WMIF06550 550 ±0.6 120 WMIF08550 550 ±0.8 160
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