Microstructure and properties of inertia friction welding joint of TA18 titanium alloy tube
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摘要: 对TA18钛合金管材开展惯性旋转摩擦焊接（IRFW）研究，采用光学显微镜与扫描电镜观察了TA18钛合金管摩擦焊接头各个区域的组织形态，结合焊接过程分析了组织的特征与演化机制，根据拉伸试验、室温冲击试验、显微硬度试验等测试结果分析了焊接接头的力学性能。结果表明，由于短时间内焊接接头处发生了强烈的塑性变形，IRFW接头焊缝处的组织为针状α′相；热影响区的组织为等轴α相、部分针状α′相和残余β相。TA18钛合金管材IRFW接头的抗拉强度与母材相当，且断裂位置均位于远离焊缝中心的位置。IRFW接头显微硬度较均匀，各区域硬度匹配性好，接头具有良好的冲击韧性，达到母材的96.85%。Abstract: Inertial rotary friction welding (IRFW) research was conducted on TA18 titanium alloy tube. The microstructure of the IRFW joint of TA18 titanium alloy tube was observed using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and the characteristics and evolution mechanism of the microstructure were analyzed in combination with the welding process. The mechanical properties of welded joints were analyzed using methods including tensile testing, impact testing, and microhardness testing. The results indicate that due to strong plastic deformation occurring at the welded joint in a short period of time, the microstructure of the welded zone of IRFW joint welded is mainly composed of needle-like α′ phase. The microstructure of the thermal mechanical affected zone of IRFW joint welded is mainly composed of equiaxed α phase, needle-like α′ phase and residual β phase. The tensile strength of the IRFW joint of TA18 titanium alloy tube is equivalent to that of the base material, and the fracture positions are all located far from the center of the weld zone. The microhardness of the IRFW joint is relatively uniform, and the hardness of each region can be matched. The impact toughness of the weld zone of the IRFW joint reached 96.85% of the base material.
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图 1 HWI-IFW-400K型惯性摩擦焊机
Figure 1. Inertia rotary friction welding machine (HWI-IFW-400K model)
图 3 焊接过程中主轴转速、顶锻压力和位移的变化
Figure 3. Spindle speed, upset pressure, and displacement during welding process
图 6 TA18管摩擦焊接头横截面显微组织
Figure 6. Microstructures of cross section of IRFW joint of TA18 tube
(a)~(c) BM；(d)~(f) TMAZ； (g)~(i) WZ
表 1 TA18钛合金管化学成分
Table 1. Chemical composition of TA18 titanium alloy tube
% Al V Fe C O N H Ti 3.0 2.5 0.2 0.05 0.08 0.03 0.01 Balance 
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表 2 TA18管惯性摩擦焊接工艺参数
Table 2. Processing parameters for IRFW of TA18 tube
顶锻压力/MPa 转动惯量/（kg·m2） 主轴转速/（r·min-1） 保压时间/s 7 990 300 15
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表 3 TA18管摩擦焊接头与母材的拉伸性能
Table 3. Tensile test result of BM and IRFW joint of TA18 tube
试样 抗拉强度/MPa 屈服强度/MPa 断后伸长率/% 断面收缩率/% 焊接接头1# 757 585 15.5 44 焊接接头2# 762 586 14.5 38 母材1# 747 635 13.5 41 母材2# 758 651 16.0 44
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表 4 TA18管摩擦焊接头与母材的冲击韧性
Table 4. Impact toughness of BM and IRFW joint of TA18 tube
试样 冲击功/J 冲击韧性/（J·cm−2） 焊接接头1# 47.3 78.5 焊接接头2# 45.2 75 母材1# 45.8 76 母材2# 49.8 82.6
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