TiAl合金铸锭的制备方法及热成形研究

张照群; 田竟; 周丰; 王鑫; 陈玉勇; 姜思达

doi:10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2026.04.002

TiAl合金铸锭的制备方法及热成形研究

doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2026.04.002

哈尔滨工业大学材料科学与工程学院, 黑龙江哈尔滨 150001

详细信息

作者简介:
张照群，2002年出生，河南新乡人，男，博士研究生，研究方向为钛铝合金铸锭制备，E-mail：25B309096@stu.hit.edu.cn

通讯作者:
陈玉勇，1956年出生，男，主要从事TiAl合金及钛合金研究，E-mail：yychen@hit.edu.cn

姜思达，1988年出生，男，主要从事亚稳态合金功能性、空间性材料研发等研究，E-mail：jiangsida@hit.edu.cn

中图分类号: TF823
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2026-03-10
- 录用日期: 2026-04-08
- 修回日期: 2026-04-08
- 刊出日期: 2026-08-31

Research progress on preparation methods and hot forming of TiAl alloy ingots

School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China

摘要

摘要: TiAl合金密度低且在600~900 ℃范围内具有较高的比强度，已在航空发动机低压涡轮叶片等部件实现应用。但受室温塑性不足、热加工窗口窄及凝固偏析与缺陷敏感等因素影响，大尺寸铸锭的稳定制备仍是工程化推广的关键瓶颈。文章综述了TiAl合金体系的成分设计演进，并对VAR、ISM、VIM与PAM等典型铸锭制备工艺的特点、优势与局限进行了对比，重点讨论大尺寸条件下的成分均匀性、夹杂与缺陷控制问题，以及混合熔炼路线在质量稳定性提升方面的作用。同时总结了锻造、挤压与轧制等后续热加工在致密化、组织细化与性能提升中的关键意义，为大尺寸TiAl铸锭的工艺优化与规模化制造提供参考。
- TiAl合金 /
- 铸锭制备 /
- 热变形
Abstract: TiAl alloys feature low density and high specific strength in the 600-900 ℃ temperature range and have been implemented in aero-engine components such as low pressure turbine blades. However, restricted by factors such as lacked room temperature ductility, a narrow hot working window, and strong sensitivity to solidification segregation and defects, the stable production of large scale ingots remains a key bottleneck for wider engineering application. This paper reviews the evolution of composition design in TiAl alloy systems and compares the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of typical ingot preparation routes including vacuum arc remelting, induction skull melting, vacuum induction melting, and plasma arc melting. Emphasis is placed on composition uniformity, inclusion and defect control at large ingot sizes, as well as the role of hybrid melting routes in improving quality stability. In addition, the critical roles of subsequent thermomechanical processing such as forging, extrusion, and rolling in densification, microstructure refinement, and property enhancement are summarized, providing references for process optimization and scalable manufacturing of large TiAl ingots.
- TiAl alloy /
- ingot preparation /
- hot working

HTML全文

图 1 真空电弧熔炼工艺流程示意

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the Vacuum Arc Remelting (VAR) process flow

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 感应凝壳熔炼工艺流程示意^[36]

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of cold crucible induction melting^[36]

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图 3 真空感应熔炼工艺流程示意^[38]

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of the VIM process^[38]

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图 4 等离子弧熔炼工艺流程示意^[2]

Figure 4. Schematic diagram of a PAM facility^[2]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 典型TiAl合金的锻态组织

(a) Ti-43Al-9V-0.3Y^[50]; (b) Ti-42Al-5Mn^[55]; (c) Ti-43Al-9V-0.2Y^[51]; (d) Ti-44Al-8Nb-0.2W-0.2B-Y^[56]

Figure 5. Forged microstructures of typical TiAl alloys

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图 6 Ti-42Al-9V-0.3Y 合金挤压组织^[58]

Figure 6. Microstructures of Ti-42Al-9V-0.3Y alloy extruded ^[58]

(a)(b) 1200 ℃; (c)(d) 1225 ℃

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图 7 典型 TiAl 合金板材的轧态微观组织

(a) (b) Ti-43Al-9V-0.2Y典型 TiAl 合金板材热轧态的微观结构^[67]；(c)(d) 轧态Ti-44Al-8Nb-0.2W-0.2B-Y合金的TEM组织^[66]

Figure 7. As-rolled microstructure of typical TiAl alloy sheet.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 TiAl合金现有铸锭制备方法总结

Table 1. Summary of existing ingot preparation methods for TiAl alloy

Alloy system	Melting process	Ingot specification/mm
Ti-43Al-9V-0.3Y^[24]	VAR	Ø160
Ti-46Al-4Nb-1.8Cr-0.2Ta^[18]	VAR	Ø220
Ti-47Al-2V-0.2Y^[23]	VAR	Ø90
Ti-47Al-2Nb-2Cr^[29]	VAR+ISM	Ø280
Ti-44Al-8Nb-0.2W-0.2B-0.5Y^[26]	VAR	Ø220
Ti-43.5Al-4Nb-1Mo-0.1B^[18]	VAR+ISM	Ø280
Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb-0.05Y₂O₃^[31]	ISM	Ø90
Ti-43Al-9V-0.3Y^[32]	ISM	Ø110
Ti-45Al-2W-xC^[33]	VIM	Ø20
Ti-46Al-8Nb^[16]	VIM	Ø85

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表 2 TiAl合金板材的加工路径及板材尺寸

Table 2. Processing routes and dimensions of TiAl alloy sheets

Alloying component	Preparation technology	Sheet size/mm
TiAl alloy^[3]	Sintering metallurgy + Rolling	1800×500×1
Ti-44Al-8Nb-0.2W-0.2B-Y^[67]	Sintered metal casting + near-isothermal encapsulation rolling	410×70×2.1
Ti-43Al-9V-0.2Y^[66]	Sintered metal casting + near-isothermal encapsulation rolling	875×70×(2~3)
Ti-45Al-8.5Nb-0.2W-0.2B-0.2Y^[68]	Soft cover with hot-rolled material	300×80×3
Ti-44Al-5Nb-1Mo-2V-0.2B^[69]	Soft cover with hot-rolled material	330×115×3

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