Microstructure, segregation and oxidation mechanism of AlV55 alloy prepared by aluminothermy
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摘要: 以五氧化二钒和铝粉为原料，采用铝热法制备 AlV55 钒铝合金，系统研究了合金锭宏观分层、微观组织、成分分布及杂质行为。结果表明，铝热反应后合金锭呈现明显上下层分化，上层组织疏松、含气孔与氧化铝夹杂、钒含量偏低且波动大；下层组织致密、金属光泽强、钒含量高且均匀。微观上，上层为针状钒铝固溶体，下层为鱼骨状钒铝固溶体。成分偏析源于钒、铝扩散速率差异与密度差耦合作用，上层钒含量约 51.76%，下层约 58.87%；上层氧、氮、铁、硅杂质显著高于下层。对合金氧化层进行了分析，不同颜色的氧化层对应的V 2p特征峰的光电子结合能EB不同，V价态越高，EB越大。研究揭示了铝热法钒铝合金组织结构非均匀及氧化色成因，为工艺优化与高品质钒铝合金制备提供了理论依据。Abstract: Using vanadium pentoxide and aluminum powder as raw materials, AlV55 vanadium-aluminum alloy was fabricated via the thermite reaction method. The macroscopic stratification, microstructure, elemental distribution and impurity behavior of the alloy ingot were systematically investigated. The results show that distinct upper and lower stratification occurs in the alloy ingot after the thermite reaction. The upper layer features loose microstructure, internal pores and alumina inclusions, with low and highly fluctuating vanadium content. Meanwhile, the lower layer possesses dense microstructure, strong metallic luster, high and uniformly distributed vanadium content. Microscopically, needle-shaped vanadium-aluminum solid solution is formed in the upper layer, while fishbone-shaped vanadium-aluminum solid solution dominates the lower layer. Composition segregation is caused by the coupled effect of diffusion rate difference and density disparity between vanadium and aluminum. The vanadium content is approximately 51.76 wt% in the upper layer and 58.87 wt% in the lower layer. The contents of impurities including oxygen, nitrogen, iron and silicon in the upper layer are remarkably higher than those in the lower layer. Analysis on the oxide layers of the alloy indicates that the binding energy (EB) of V 2p characteristic peaks varies with different colored oxide layers, and higher vanadium valence corresponds to larger binding energy. This study reveals the structural inhomogeneity and oxidation coloration mechanism of vanadium-aluminum alloys prepared by thermite reaction, and provides a theoretical basis for process optimization and high-quality fabrication of vanadium-aluminum alloys.
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图 2 AlV55合金显微组织与能谱分析
(a)(b)上层AlV55共聚焦显微组织 ；(c)(d)下层AlV55共聚焦显微组织；(e)(g)上、下层钒铝合金的SEM图；(f)(h)上、下层钒铝合金的EDS图
Figure 2. Microstructure and energy spectrum analysis of AlV55 alloy
图 3 钒铝合金钒及杂质元素分布
（a）上、下层钒铝合金的钒含量；（b）上、下层钒铝合金的杂质含量
Figure 3. Vanadium content and impurities distribution of AlV55 alloy
图 4 钒铝合金氧化形貌、渣层结构与物相表征
(a)黄色氧化层; (b)蓝色氧化层；(c)(d)黑色氧化层；(e)氧化铝基渣层；(f)合金表面的黑色、蓝色、黄色氧化层XRD
Figure 4. Oxidation morphology, slag structure and phase characterization of V-Al alloy
图 5 合金表面的黑色、蓝色、黄色氧化层XPS
（a）黑色氧化层的V 2p；（b）黑色氧化层的Al 2p；（c）黑色氧化层的O 1s；（d）蓝色氧化层的V 2p；（e）蓝色氧化层的Al 2p；（f）蓝色氧化层的O 1s；（g）黄色氧化层的V 2p；（h）黄色氧化层的Al 2p；（i）黄色氧化层的O 1s
Figure 5. XPS of black, blue and yellow oxide layers on alloy surface
表 1 黑色、蓝色、黄色氧化层各自对应V 2p的价态
Table 1. Valence states of V 2p corresponding to black, blue and yellow oxide layers
XPS V2p Valence state Black 515.34 +3 Blue 516.19 +4 Yellow 517.20 +5 
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