Differences in microstructure and impurity content among vanadium–aluminum alloys of various grades
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摘要: 钛合金广泛用于航空航天、汽车制造、医疗等领域，而制备钛合金的关键材料是钒铝合金，研究用铝热法生产钒铝合金，在原料相同的条件下根据不同的物料配比制备出牌号为AlV55、AlV65、AlV85的合金，分析其微观结构、杂质含量以及力学性能。结果表明：AlV55的杂质含量比AlV65、AlV85的低，但是其微观组织存在裂纹、气孔等缺陷，AlV55由Al8V5和钒铝固溶物组成，因其Al8V5的组织结构，其硬度及耐磨性较好；AlV85的杂质含量较高，但是其合金产品一致性较好， AlV85由AlV3组成，致使其硬度小，耐磨性差。通过比较可知AlV65合金产品的性能较为均衡，无论是在杂质含量还是力学性能方面都较为优越。Abstract: Titanium alloys are extensively utilized in the aerospace, automotive, and biomedical sectors. Vanadium–aluminum master alloys are key materials for preparing titanium alloys. In this study vanadium–aluminum master alloys of three grades such as AlV55, AlV65, and AlV85 were synthesized via aluminothermic route under identical raw-material inputs while varying stoichiometric ratios. The resulting ingots were characterized with respect to microstructures, impurity inventory, and mechanical response. The results show that AlV55 exhibits the lowest bulk-impurity level; however, its microstructure contains micro-cracks and gas-induced porosity. Phase analysis reveals Al8V5 intermetallic and a V-rich solid solution, the former conferring elevated hardness and wear resistance. AlV85, although showing higher tramp-element contents, displays superior inter-ingot consistency; the sole presence of the AlV3 phase yields reduced hardness and inferior wear performance. AlV65 delivers the most balanced property profile, combining moderate impurity content with advantageous mechanical properties.
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Key words:
- vanadium-aluminum alloy /
- thermite process /
- microstructure /
- impurity /
- mechanical property
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图 2 不同牌号钒铝合金的SEM微观形貌
Figure 2. SEM images showing micrographs of different grades vanadium-aluminum alloys
(a)(b) AlV55；(c)(d) AlV65；(e)(f) AlV85
图 4 不同牌号钒铝合金的EDS图
Figure 4. EDS spectra of different grades vanadium-aluminum alloys
(a) AlV55; (b) AlV65; (c) AlV85
图 6 三种合金硬度测试
(a) AlV55、 AlV65、AlV85的维氏硬度；(b)三种合金的平均维氏硬度
Figure 6. Hardness testing of three different master alloys
图 7 AlV55、 AlV65、AlV85的摩擦磨损数据
(a)摩擦系数；(b)最小、最大、平均摩擦系数；(c) (d) AlV55 磨痕形貌；(e) (f) AlV65磨痕形貌；(g) (h) AlV85磨痕形貌
Figure 7. Tribological data for AlV55, AlV65 and AlV85
表 1 用于制备中间合金的试验材料
Table 1. Experimental materials for preparation of master alloys
Material name Specification/% Particle size range/um V2O5 99 -595 Al 99.9 -149 CaO 99.9 -74 CaF2 99.9 -74 
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表 2 晶格参数
Table 2. lattice constant
Phase a/nm b/nm c/nm V/nm3 Al8V5 9.234 9.234 9.234 0.775 48 Al3V 3.775 3.775 8.320 0.785 04 AlV3 4.926 4.926 4.926 0.119 53
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表 3 三种合金杂质含量
Table 3. Impurity content of three different master alloys
% Designation Fe Si O N C AlV55 0.18 0.1 0.036 0.02 0.064 AlV65 0.20 0.15 0.062 0.016 0.072 AlV85 0.22 0.19 0.087 0.025 0.089
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