Effect of tempering treatment on the microstructure and impact-corrosion-wear behavior of high chromium cast iron
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摘要: 以高铬铸铁为研究对象，开展不同温度回火处理，结合OM、SEM、EDS等微观表征与硬度、冲击韧性、冲击-腐蚀-磨损等性能测试，研究回火温度对其显微组织、力学性能及冲击-腐蚀-磨损行为的影响。结果表明，回火后高铬铸铁组织主要由共晶碳化物、回火马氏体及二次碳化物构成。随着回火温度升高，网状共晶碳化物发生重组，基体针状马氏体特征减弱，并逐步向回火屈氏体、回火索氏体转变；低温回火（≤320 ℃）下材料硬度(HRC)维持在60 以上，550 ℃高温回火后硬度(HRC)大幅降至48.09 ；回火温度对冲击韧性影响较小，材料整体仍呈脆性断裂特征。在低于450 ℃回火时，不同冲击载荷下的质量损失率均稳定保持在21.6～26.2 mg/h范围，当回火温度升高至550 ℃，质量损失率显著增大至34.8～38.4 mg/h，抗冲击-腐蚀-磨损性能急剧恶化。Abstract: In this study, high chromium cast iron was subjected to tempering treatment at different temperatures. The effects of tempering temperature on its microstructure, mechanical properties, and impact corrosion-wear behavior were investigated using OM, SEM, EDS, as well as property tests of hardness, impact toughness and impact-corrosion-wear tests. The results show that the tempered microstructure of high chromium cast iron mainly consists of eutectic carbides, tempered martensite, and secondary carbides. As the tempering temperature increases, the network eutectic carbides undergo reorganization, the characteristic of acicular martensite in the matrix weakens, and the matrix gradually transforms into tempered troostite and tempered sorbite. After low-temperature tempering (≤320 ℃), the hardness(HRC) remains above 60, whereas after high-temperature tempering at 550 ℃, the hardness(HRC) significantly decreases to 48.09. The tempering temperature has a minor effect on impact toughness, and the material still exhibits predominantly brittle fracture characteristics. When tempered below 450 ℃, the mass loss rate under different impact loads remains stable within the range of 21.6-26.2 mg/h. However, when the tempering temperature rises to 550 ℃, the mass loss rate significantly increases to 34.8-38.4 mg/h, indicating a sharp deterioration in the impact-corrosion-wear resistance.
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Key words:
- tempering treatment /
- high chromium cast iron /
- microstructure /
- damage behavior
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图 2 冲击腐蚀磨损试验机（单位：mm）
1-密封盖；2-上试样；3-搅拌器；4-下试样；5-试验槽；6-主轴（a）实物；（b）示意图；（c）上试样及尺寸；（d）下试样及尺寸
Figure 2. Impact-corrosion-wear testing machine
图 3 不同回火状态高铬铸铁金相组织
Figure 3. Microstructure of high-chromium cast iron under different tempering conditions
（a）200 ℃；（b）320 ℃；（c）450 ℃；（d）550 ℃
图 4 不同回火状态高铬铸铁SEM组织形貌
Figure 4. SEM microstructural morphology of high-chromium cast iron under different tempering conditions
（a）200 ℃；（b）320 ℃；（c）450 ℃；（d）550 ℃
图 5 不同回火状态高铬铸铁洛氏硬度与冲击吸收功
Figure 5. Rockwell hardness and impact energy absorption of high-chromium cast iron under different tempering conditions
图 6 不同回火状态高铬铸铁冲击断口形貌
Figure 6. Morphology of impact fracture surfaces in high-chromium cast iron under different tempering conditions
（a）200 ℃；（b）320 ℃；（c）450 ℃；（d）550 ℃
图 7 不同回火状态高铬铸铁在不同冲击载荷条件的质量损失率
Figure 7. Mass loss rates of high-chromium cast iron after different tempering treatment under varying impact loading conditions
图 8 不同回火状态高铬铸铁在3 J和6 J载荷下的冲击腐蚀磨损表面形貌
Figure 8. Surface morphology of impact-corrosion wear in high-chromium cast iron with different tempering conditions under 3 J and 6 J impact loads
200 ℃:（a）3 J,（b）6 J；320 ℃:（c）3 J,（d）6 J；450 ℃:（e）3 J,（f）6 J；550 ℃:（g）3 J,（h）6 J
图 9 高冲击载荷条件下不同回火状态高铬铸铁的冲击腐蚀磨损截面形貌
Figure 9. Cross-sectional morphology of impact-corrosion wear in high-chromium cast iron under high impact loads for different tempering conditions
（a）200 ℃；（b）320 ℃；（c）450 ℃；（d）550 ℃
表 1 高铬铸铁化学成分
Table 1. Chemical composition of high-chromium cast iron (HCCI)
% C Si Mn Cr S P Fe 2.40 0.50 0.37 10.43 ≤0.04 ≤0.04 Bal. 
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表 2 冲击腐蚀磨损后损伤表面EDS分析
Table 2. EDS analysis of damaged surfaces by impact-corrosion-wear
% Point C O Cr Cl Fe 1 3.24 25.06 5.31 4.68 61.71 2 7.66 10.02 6.69 0.24 75.39 3 2.01 29.08 2.00 3.03 63.88 4 8.09 3.26 7.96 2.16 78.53 5 4.36 2.86 10.09 0.04 82.65
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