加热工艺对700 MPa级汽车大梁钢组织与性能的影响

徐震; 田智文; 冯晓勇; 张福成

doi:10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2026.04.012

加热工艺对700 MPa级汽车大梁钢组织与性能的影响

doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2026.04.012

徐震^{1, 2,},
田智文^{1, 2},
冯晓勇^{2, 3, ,},
张福成^{2, 3}

1.
华北理工大学冶金与能源学院, 河北唐山 063210
2.
燕赵钢铁实验室, 河北唐山 063210
3.
华北理工大学河北钢铁实验室, 河北唐山 063210

基金项目: 燕赵钢铁实验室区域创新能力提升项目（YZISL2024002）；河北省高等学校科学研究项目（QN2025147）；河北省创新能力提升计划项目任务书（24461002D）；河北省研究生创新资助项目（CXZZBS2026126）。

详细信息

作者简介:
徐震，2001年出生，女，江苏南京人，硕士，研究方向为先进钢铁材料，E-mail：18651862015@163.com

通讯作者:
冯晓勇，1987年出生，男，河北唐山人，博士，教授，长期从事先进钢铁材料方面的研究，E-mail：xyfeng@ncst.edu.cn

中图分类号: TF76,TG161
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2026-01-27
- 录用日期: 2026-03-17
- 修回日期: 2026-03-04
- 刊出日期: 2026-08-31

The influence of heating process on the microstructure and properties of 700 MPa grade automobile beam steel

XU Zhen^{1, 2
,},
TIAN Zhiwen^{1, 2},
FENG Xiaoyong^{2, 3
, ,},
ZHANG Fucheng^{2, 3}

1.
North China University of Science and Technology, Institute of Metallurgy and Energy, Tangshan 063210, Hebei, China
2.
Yanzhao Iron and Steel Laboratory, Tangshan 063210, Hebei, China
3.
Hebei Iron and Steel Laboratory, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, Hebei, China

摘要

摘要: 以大梁钢700L为研究对象，探究系列加热温度、保温时间对Ti微合金化大梁钢（700L）组织与性能的影响，为700L的工业稳定化生产提供理论指导。通过光学显微镜（OM）、透射电镜（TEM）、电子背散射衍射（EBSD）分析了不同加热工艺对Ti微合金化汽车大梁钢700L的微观组织变化。采用Thermo-Calc的热力学模拟软件与理论计算分析第二相的析出行为，并结合EDS能谱分析第二相析出的形态与尺寸，最后使用维氏硬度（HV）测试试样的综合力学性能。结果表明，当加热温度为1230～1260 ℃时，试验钢的原始奥氏体晶粒长大受到抑制，产生细晶强化效果，硬度（HV）范围为315～332。当加热温度为1290 ℃时，晶粒异常长大，同时具有较大尺寸（2 μm）的TiN颗粒，保温时间从80 min延长至160 min时，奥氏体晶粒粗化明显，硬度（HV）由282降低至251，试验钢力学性能降低。
- Ti微合金化 /
- 汽车大梁钢 /
- 加热工艺 /
- 性能稳定性 /
- 第二相析出
Abstract: In this study the effects of heating temperature and soaking time on the microstructure and properties of Ti-microalloyed automotive beam steel 700L had been investigated. Optical Microscopy (OM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) had been used to analyze microstructural changes in Ti-microalloyed automotive beam steel 700L under different heating processes. Theoretical calculations had been conducted by using a Thermo-Calc thermodynamic simulation software to analyze the precipitation behavior of the second phase, combined with EDS spectral analysis to examine the morphology and size of the second phase precipitates. Finally, Vickers hardness (HV) testing evaluated the comprehensive mechanical properties of the specimens. Results indicate that heating temperatures between 1230-1260 ℃ suppress primary austenite grain growth, yielding fine-grain strengthening with hardness (HV) ranging from 315 to 332. With soaking at 1290 ℃, abnormal grain coarsening occurs alongside large (2 μm) TiN particles. Extending the holding time from 80 min to 160 min, austenite grain coarsening became pronounced, hardness (HV) decreased from 282 to 251, and the mechanical properties of the test steel deteriorated.
- Ti microalloying /
- automobile frame steel /
- heating process /
- performance stability /
- second phase precipitation

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图 1 汽车大梁钢的热力学计算相图

(a)整体分布趋势；(b)局部放大

Figure 1. Thermodynamic calculation phase diagram of automobile frame steel

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图 2 0.0039%N-0.093%Ti钢中Ti、N的固溶量和析出量随温度的变化规律

Figure 2. Variation of solid solution and precipitation of Ti and N in 0.0039%N-0.093%Ti steel with temperature

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图 3 0.059%C-0.093%Ti钢中Ti、C的固溶量和析出量随温度的变化规律

Figure 3. Variation of solid solution and precipitation of Ti and C in 0.059%C-0.093%Ti steel with temperature

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图 4 原始状态显微组织

Figure 4. Microstructure of steel in original state

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图 5 不同加热温度下保温 80 min的显微组织

Figure 5. Microstructure of steel soaked at different temperatures for 80 min

（a）1 200 ℃；（b）1 230 ℃；（c）1 260 ℃；（d）1 290 ℃

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图 6 不同加热温度下保温 160 min的金相组织

Figure 6. Microstructure of steel soaked at different temperatures for 160 min

（a）1 200 ℃；（b）1 230 ℃；（c）1 260 ℃；（d）1 290 ℃

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图 7 不同加热温度下保温160 min的EBSD原始奥氏体重构

Figure 7. EBSD showing original austenite reconstruction of steel soaked at different temperatures for 160 min

（a）1 200 ℃；（b）1 230 ℃；（c）1 260 ℃；（d）1 290 ℃

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图 8 不同加热温度下保温160 min的原始奥氏体平均晶粒尺寸统计

Figure 8. Statistics of average grain size of original austenite of steel soaked at different temperatures for 160 min

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图 9 板条马氏体TEM形貌

Figure 9. TEM morphology of lath martensite of steel soaked at 1 230 ℃ with different time

（a）1 230 ℃-80 min；（b）1 230 ℃-160 min

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图 10 1230 ℃ 不同保温时间下马氏体板条尺寸统计

Figure 10. Statistical diagram of lath martensite of steel soaked at 1 230 ℃ with different time

（a）1230 ℃-80 min；（b）1230 ℃-160 min

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图 11 原始试样EDS元素面分布

Figure 11. EDS elemental surface distribution map of the original sample

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图 12 原始试样EDS能谱图

Figure 12. EDS energy spectrum of the original sample

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图 16 不同温度下的维氏硬度

Figure 16. Vickers hardness of steel soaked at different temperatures

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图 13 1230 ℃的EDS元素面分布

Figure 13. EDS elemental mapping of steel soaked at 1 230 ℃

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图 14 1290 ℃的EDS元素面分布

Figure 14. EDS elemental mapping of steel soaked at 1 290 ℃

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图 15 1290 ℃保温160 min 的EDS能谱

Figure 15. EDS energy spectrum diagram of steel soaked at 1 290 ℃ for 160 min

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表 1 试验钢（700L）的化学成分

Table 1. Chemical composition of experimental steel（700L） %

C	Mn	Cr	Al	Ti	N
≤0.06	≤1.2	≤0.2	＜0.04	＜0.1	0.0039

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 不同温度下TiN析出量的计算

Table 2. Calculated TiN precipitation amounts at different temperatures

Temperature/ ℃	Solid solution [N]/%	Precipitate N/%	Solid solution [Ti]/%	Precipitate Ti/%
1 900	0.00390	0	0.09300	0
1 850	0.00384	0.00006	0.09279	0.00021
1800	0.00319	0.00071	0.09057	0.00243
1750	0.00262	0.00128	0.08862	0.00438
1700	0.00212	0.00178	0.08691	0.00609
1650	0.00169	0.00221	0.08544	0.00756
1600	0.00132	0.00258	0.08418	0.00882
1550	0.00103	0.00287	0.08319	0.00981
1500	0.00078	0.00312	0.08233	0.01067
1450	0.00058	0.00332	0.08165	0.01135
1400	0.00043	0.00347	0.08113	0.01187
1350	0.00030	0.00360	0.08069	0.01231
1300	0.00021	0.00369	0.08038	0.01262
1250	0.00014	0.00376	0.08014	0.01286
1200	0.00009	0.00381	0.07997	0.01303
1150	0.00006	0.00384	0.07987	0.01313

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 不同温度下TiC析出量的计算

Table 3. Calculated TiC precipitation amount at different temperatures

Temperature/ ℃	Solid solution [C]/%	Precipitate C/%	Solid solution [Ti]/%	Precipitate Ti/%
1150	0.05900	0	0.07987	0
1100	0.05827	0.00073	0.07696	0.00291
1050	0.05267	0.00633	0.05463	0.02524
1000	0.04824	0.01076	0.03696	0.04291
950	0.04491	0.01409	0.02368	0.05619
900	0.04254	0.01646	0.01423	0.06564
850	0.04098	0.01802	0.00801	0.07186
800	0.04003	0.01897	0.00422	0.07565
750	0.03948	0.01952	0.00202	0.07785
700	0.03920	0.01980	0.00091	0.07896
650	0.03906	0.01994	0.00035	0.07952

下载: 导出CSV

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