碳化物分布对NM500级耐磨钢组织与性能影响

李正涛; 熊进成; 张洪博; 周春; 李栖辕

doi:10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2026.04.014

碳化物分布对NM500级耐磨钢组织与性能影响

doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2026.04.014

李正涛^{1, 2,},
熊进成^{1, 2},
张洪博^{1, 2, ,},
周春^{1, 2},
李栖辕^{1, 2}

1.
湖南华菱涟源钢铁有限公司, 湖南娄底 417009
2.
湖南华菱涟钢特种新材料有限公司, 湖南娄底 417009

基金项目: 湖南省示范性科技成果转化项目（2025CK1015）。

详细信息

作者简介:
李正涛，1987年出生，男，湖北松滋人，本科，工程师，长期从事钢铁材料热处理工艺与装备研究工作，E-mail：ghost1587@163.com

通讯作者:
张洪博， 1991年出生，男，湖南湘乡人，博士，工程师，长期从事金属材料制备与加工研究工作， E-mail：zhanghb1201@163.com

中图分类号: TF76，TG156.5
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2026-03-03
- 录用日期: 2026-04-03
- 修回日期: 2026-03-30
- 刊出日期: 2026-08-31

Effect of carbide distribution on microstructure and properties of NM500 grade wear-resistant steel

LI Zhengtao^{1, 2
,},
XIONG Jincheng^{1, 2},
ZHANG Hongbo^{1, 2
, ,},
ZHOU Chun^{1, 2},
LI Qiyuan^{1, 2}

1.
Hunan Valin Lianyuan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd., Loudi 417009, Hunan, China
2.
Hunan Valin Lianyuan Steel Special New Material Co., Ltd., Loudi 417009, Hunan, China

摘要

摘要: 马氏体耐磨钢因其优异的耐磨性能在冶金、建材等领域得到广泛应用，但其韧性不足，限制了材料的使用寿命。为改善该钢种的韧性不足，对试验钢采用淬火后分段回火热处理，以促进碳化物在马氏体板条内部析出。结果表明，分段回火使碳化物在晶界上的占比由45%降至25%，试样的冲击韧性与耐磨性均优于常规回火工艺。通过正交试验及方差分析发现，第一段回火温度和时间分别对冲击韧性和硬度具有显著性影响。获得的最佳分段回火工艺为130 ℃保温45 min后再经200 ℃保温45 min，与常规200 ℃回火相比，其冲击功和耐磨性分别提高了20%和42%。
- 碳化物 /
- 马氏体耐磨钢 /
- 韧性 /
- 正交试验
Abstract: Martensitic wear-resistant steel is widely used in metallurgy, building materials due to its excellent wear resistance. However, its insufficient toughness limits the service life of the material. To address this issue, a two-step tempering heat treatment after quenching was adopted to promote the precipitation of carbides within the martensitic laths. The results show that the two-step tempering reduces the proportion of carbides at grain boundaries from 45% after conventional tempering to 25%, leading to superior impact toughness and wear resistance compared to conventional tempering. Orthogonal experimental analysis and variance analysis reveal that the temperature and duration of the first tempering step exert significant effects on impact toughness and hardness, respectively. The optimal two-step tempering process is identified as tempering at 130 ℃ for 45 minutes followed by 200 ℃ for 45 minutes. Compared with conventional tempering at 200 ℃ , this process improves impact energy and wear resistance by 20% and 42%, respectively.
- carbides /
- martensitic wear-resistant steel /
- toughness /
- orthogonal experiment

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图 1 滑动磨损接触示意

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of sliding wear

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 不同第一段回火温度的试验钢显微组织

Figure 2. Microstructure of experimental steel at different one-step tempered temperatures

（a）80 ℃；（a）100 ℃；（c）130 ℃；（d）160 ℃

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 不同第一段回火温度和常规回火的试验钢SEM图

Figure 3. The SEM images of microstructure of samples after the different first step tempering temperature of two-step tempering and the traditional tempering

（a）80 ℃；（a）100 ℃；（c）130 ℃；（d）160 ℃；（e）200 ℃

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图 4 碳化物平均尺寸及其在马氏体板条界面处占比

Figure 4. Average size of carbides and their proportion at the martensite lath interfaces

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图 5 不同第一段回火温度和常规回火后试验钢的力学性能

Figure 5. The impact energy and hardness of the experimental steel treated at different first step tempering temperature of two-step tempering and the traditional tempering

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 不同第一段回火温度和常规回火后试验钢的磨损失重量

Figure 6. Mass loss after sliding wear of experimental steel treated at different first step tempering temperature of two-step tempering and the traditional tempering

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 试验钢经分段回火和常规回火的磨损形貌

（a）130 ℃保温45 min随后200 ℃保温45 min；（b）常规200 ℃保温90 min

Figure 7. The morphologies of the samples treated by two-step tempering and the traditional tempering

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图 8 不同第一段回火时间的试验钢显微组织

Figure 8. Microstructures of the samples treated by two-step tempering with different time of the first-step tempering

（a）15 min；（b）30 min；（c）45 min；（d）60 min

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 不同第一段回火时间的试验钢SEM图

Figure 9. SEM images showing microstructure of samples treated by two-step tempering with the different time of the first-step tempering

（a）15 min；（b）30 min；（c）45 min；（d）60 min

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 不同第一段回火时间和常规回火的试验钢力学性能

Figure 10. The impact energy and hardness of the samples treated by two-step tempering with different time of the first-step tempering

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 不同第一段回火时间和常规回火的试验钢磨损失重量

Figure 11. The mass loss due to sliding wear of the samples treated by two-step tempering with different time of the first-step tempering and traditional tempering

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 不同的第一段回火保温时间试验钢的磨损形貌

（a）15 min；（b）30 min；（c）45 min；（d）60 min

Figure 12. The morphologies of the samples treated by two-step tempering with different time of the first-step tempering

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 试验材料的化学成分

Table 1. Chemical composition of the experimental steel %

C	Si	Mn	Cr	Ni	Al	P	S	Fe
0.27	0.28	1.49	1.17	1.25	0.025	0.02	0.02	Bal.

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表 2 分段回火的三因素三水平L9(3³)正交试验表

Table 2. Factors and levels of the two-step tempering

Levels	A/℃	B/min	C/℃
1	100	15	180
2	130	30	200
3	160	45	220

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表 3 正交试验的设计及结果

Table 3. Design and results of orthogonal experiment

NO.	A/℃	B/min	C/℃	Impact toughness of -20 ℃/J	Hardness (HBW)	Wear amount/mg
1	100	15	180	26	490.4	172
2	100	30	200	29	505.5	176
3	100	45	220	32	528.1	217
4	130	15	200	35	494.9	131
5	130	30	220	33	504.1	181
6	130	45	180	32	525.0	146
7	160	15	220	34	481.2	149
8	160	30	180	30	502	166
9	160	45	200	35	519	162

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表 4 试验钢的极差分析

Table 4. Range analysis table of experimental steel

Factor	Impact toughness of -20 ℃/J				Hardness(HBW)				Wear amount/mg
Factor	k1	k2	k3	R	k1	k2	k3	R	k1	k2	k3	R
A	29	33.3	33	4.3	508	508	500.3	7.27	188.3	152.7	159	35.7
B	31.7	30.7	33	2.3	488.8	506.5	504.5	35.2	150.7	174.3	175	24.3
C	29.3	33	33	3.7	504.5	503.9	508.3	2	161.3	156.3	182.3	26
Influence degree	A>C>B				B>A>C				A>C>B
Optimal combination	A2B3C2 or A2B3C3				A1B2C3 or A2B2C3				A2B1C2

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表 5 试验钢的冲击韧性方差分析

Table 5. Analysis of variance of impact toughness of experimental steel

Factors	Impact toughness				Hardness				Wear amount
Factors	S	f	MS	F	S	f	MS	F	S	f	MS	F
A	34.89	2	17.44	22.4	105.61	2	52.81	3.04	2172.67	2	1086.33	5.16
B	8.22	2	4.11	5.29	1871.77	2	935.87	53.93	1152.67	2	576.33	2.74
C	26.89	2	13.44	17.3	6.22	2	3.11	0.18	1142	2	571	2.71

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