Effect of final rolling temperature on microstructure and properties of 500 MPa grade vanadium microalloyed high-strength steel
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摘要: 围绕汽车、船舶制造及能源输送等领域轻量化与高性能的需求，开发了低 C-Mn-V-Cr-Nb 成分设计体系下屈服强度500 MPa级复合微合金化高强钢。通过采用-40 ℃低温CVN冲击、室温拉伸等力学性能测试和光学显微镜（OM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）及扫描电子显微镜（SEM）等微观结构表征手段，研究了不同终轧温度（920、870、820 ℃和770 ℃）对500 MPa 级高强钢中析出相和显微结构特征与强韧性的影响。研究结果表明，在奥氏体未再结晶区轧制，随着终轧温度降低，钢的晶粒尺寸逐渐细化，晶粒内部富V的纳米碳氮化物体积分数呈现先增加后减少的趋势，同时组织由多边形铁素体（PF）+少量针状铁素体（AF）和粒状贝氏体（GB）逐渐演变为准多边形铁素体（QF）+针状铁素体（AF）+粒状贝氏体（GB），在力学性能上呈现出强度和-40 ℃低温韧性一并提高，综合考虑性能指标和轧制过程中板形控制，终轧温度820～870 ℃可满足工程装备用钢的技术要求。Abstract: In this research, low C-Mn-V-Cr-Nb composite microalloyed steel with a yield strength of 500 MPa was designed to meet the requirements of lightweight and high-performance materials in fields such as automotive, shipbuilding, and energy transmission. The effects of different final rolling temperatures (FRT, 920, 870, 820℃and 770 ℃) on the precipitates, microstructural characteristics, strength and toughness of 500 MPa grade high-strength steel were investigated. The -40 ℃ CVN impact energy and room temperature tensile test were performed. The microstructural characterization of the 500 MPa grade microalloyed steels with different final rolling temperatures were observed by using optical microscopy (OM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that with FRTs decreasing, grain size of the steel gradually refines during rolling in the unrecrystallized austenite zone. The volume fraction of V-rich nano carbonitrides inside the grain show a trend of firstly increasing and then decreasing. At the same time, the microstructure gradually evolved from polygonal ferrite (PF) and a small amount of acicular ferrite (AF), granular bainite (GB) to quasi polygonal ferrite (QF), AF and GB. Both strength and −40 ℃impact toughness of the steel are improved. Taking into account performance requirements and shape control during the rolling process, the FRT of 820-870 ℃ can produce the performance which meets the technical requirements for steel used in engineering equipments.
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图 1 钒微合金钢控轧及控冷工艺
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of controlled rolling and controlled cooling process for vanadium microalloyed steel
图 2 不同终轧温度下钒微合金钢的OM显微组织
Figure 2. OM microstructrues of vanadium microalloyed steels after rolling at different finish rolling temperatures
(a) 920 ℃; (b) 870 ℃; (c) 820 ℃; (d) 770 ℃
图 3 不同终轧温度下钒微合金钢的SEM显微组织
Figure 3. SEM microstructrues of vanadium microalloyed steels after rolling at different finish rolling temperatures
(a) 920 ℃; (b) 870 ℃; (c) 820 ℃; (d) 770 ℃
图 4 不同终轧温度下钒微合金钢析出相形貌
Figure 4. Precipitate morphologies of vanadium microalloyed steel at different finishing rolling temperatures
（a）920 ℃; (b) 870 ℃; (c) 820 ℃; (d) 770 ℃
图 5 不同终轧温度下钒微合金钢析出相尺寸分布
Figure 5. Size distribution of precipitates in vanadium microalloyed steel at different finishing rolling temperatures
图 6 钒微合金钢中不同尺寸析出相的EDS能谱
(a) 富V碳氮化物；(b) 富Ti碳氮化物
Figure 6. EDS energy spectrum of precipitated phases of different sizes in vanadium microalloyed steels
图 7 不同终轧温度下试验钢的力学性能
(a) 强度；(b) 冲击功
Figure 7. Mechanical properties of test steel after rolling at different finish rolling temperatures
表 1 钒微合金钢坯料的化学成分
Table 1. The chemical composition of vanadium microalloyed steel billets
% C Si Mn P S Cr Ti Nb N V 0.05~0.07 0.15~0.25 1.60~1.75 ≤0.015 ≤0.015 0.20~0.25 0.001~ 0.0015 0.02~0.04 0.008~0.013 0.08~0.12 
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