钛合金新型切削加工技术及切削行为研究进展

贺同正; 吴敬玺; 李志兴; 罗国军; 沈选金; 唐丽英; 陈玉勇

doi:10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2026.02.014

钛合金新型切削加工技术及切削行为研究进展

doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2026.02.014

贺同正^{1, 2,},
吴敬玺³,
李志兴⁴,
罗国军^{1, 2},
沈选金^{1, 2},
唐丽英^{1, 2},
陈玉勇^{2, 5}

1.
攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司, 四川攀枝花 617000
2.
航空钛合金精密铸造四川省工程研究中心, 四川攀枝花 617000
3.
宝钛集团有限公司, 陕西宝鸡 721014
4.
西安聚能高温合金材料科技有限公司, 陕西西安 710000
5.
哈尔滨工业大学材料科学与工程学院, 黑龙江哈尔滨 150001

详细信息

作者简介:
贺同正，1971年出生，男，河南南阳人，博士，高级工程师，长期从事钛合金精密铸造及先进加工方面的研究工作，E-mail：hetongzheng@163.com

中图分类号: TG506,TF823
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-11-12
- 录用日期: 2026-02-12
- 修回日期: 2026-02-03
- 网络出版日期: 2026-04-29
- 刊出日期: 2026-04-29

Research progress on advanced cutting technologies and cutting behavior of titanium alloys

HE Tongzheng^{1, 2
,},
WU Jingxi³,
LI Zhixing⁴,
LUO Guojun^{1, 2},
SHEN Xuanjin^{1, 2},
TANG Liying^{1, 2},
CHEN Yuyong^{2, 5}

1.
Pangang Group Panzhihua Research Institute of Iron & Steel Co., Ltd., Panzhihua 617000, Sichuan, China
2.
Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Aerospace Titanium Alloy Precision Castparts, Panzhihua 617000, Sichuan, China
3.
Baoti Group Co., Ltd., Baoji 721014, Shaanxi, China
4.
Xa’an Superalloy Technologies Co., Ltd., Xa’an 710000, Shaanxi, China
5.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001

摘要

摘要: 随着航空航天领域对高性能钛合金构件的需求日益增长，其切削加工技术面临高精度、高质量的严峻挑战。系统回顾了钛合金切削加工技术的最新进展，深入分析了切削加工研究方法、切屑特征，重点阐述了切削参数对切削性能及刀具磨损的影响机制，并对刀具磨损方式及改进策略进行了归纳。针对当前研究的局限性，进一步提出了未来钛合金切削加工技术的发展方向，旨在为提升钛合金构件的加工效率和表面完整性提供参考，并为相关研究提供理论基础。
- 钛合金 /
- 切削技术 /
- 切屑特征 /
- 切削参数 /
- 刀具
Abstract: As demand rises for high-performance titanium alloy components in the aerospace sector, cutting technologies encounter major hurdles in delivering high precision and quality. This paper presents a systematic review of the latest advances in titanium alloy cutting technology, along with an in-depth analysis of research methodologies in cutting and chip characteristics. Specifically, it focuses on elucidating how cutting parameters affect cutting performance and tool wear. It also summarizes tool wear modes alongside corresponding improvement strategies. Given the limitations of present study, this paper proposes future development directions for titanium alloy cutting technologies, aiming to provide guidance for enhancing the cutting efficiency and surface integrity of titanium alloy components and to lay a theoretical foundation for subsequent relevant research.
- titanium alloys /
- cutting technology /
- chip characteristics /
- cutting parameters /
- tools

HTML全文

图 1 某大型飞机起落架^[18]

(a) 起落架外筒; (b) 起落架组装件

Figure 1. Landing gear of a certain large aircraft^[18]

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图 2 基于霍普金森技术的正交切削实验系统^[52]

(a) 霍普金森压杆实验平台; (b) 基于轻气炮的高速切削模拟实验平台

Figure 2. Orthogonal cutting experimental system based on Hopkinson technique^[52]

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图 3 不同类型沟槽刀具设计^[69]

Figure 3. Design of different types of micro-grooved cutting tools^[69]

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图 4 金属材料切削区域示意^[65,71]

Figure 4. Schematic of metal material cutting zone^[65,71]

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图 5 钛合金锯齿状切屑形成理论^[50,74]

(a) 绝热剪切理论模型及绝热剪切带微观形貌; (b) 周期断裂理论模型及微裂纹形貌

Figure 5. Serrated chip formation theory for titanium alloy^[50,74]

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图 6 不同厚度Ti-6Al-4V合金切屑EBSD分析^[78]

未变形切屑厚度为50 μm 时: (a) 反极图, (b) 局部取向差图; 未变形切屑厚度为100 μm 时: (c) 反极图, (d) 局部取向差图; 未变形切屑厚度为150 μm 时: (e) 反极图, (f) 局部取向差图

Figure 6. EBSD analysis of Ti-6Al-4V alloy chips with different thicknesses^[78]

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图 7 切削速度对切削力、切削温度的影响^[18,82]

(a) 切削速度对切削力的影响; (b) 切削速度对切削温度的影响

Figure 7. Effects of cutting speed on cutting force and cutting temperature of the workpiece^[18,82]

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图 8 切削深度对切削力和切削温度的影响^[86,88]

(a) 切削深度对切削力的影响; (b) 切削深度对切削温度的影响

Figure 8. Effects of cutting depth on cutting force and cutting temperature^[86,88]

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图 9 进给量或进给速度对切削力、切削温度和工件表面粗糙度的影响^[92,94-95]

(a) 进给速度对切削力的影响; (b) 进给速度和进给量对切削温度的影响; (c) 每齿进给量对工件表面粗糙度的影响

Figure 9. Effects of feed or feed rate on cutting force, cutting temperature and surface roughness of the workpiece^[92,94-95]

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图 10 典型刀具磨损形式^[18]

(a) 粘结磨损; (b) 微崩刃; (c) 磨粒磨损; (d) 涂层破损

Figure 10. Typical wear modes of cutting tools^[18]

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表 1 新型切削加工技术关键特性^{[12,16,19-33]}

Table 1. Key characteristics of new cutting technology^{[12,16,19-33]}

Machining technology	Characteristics or principle	Advantages	Disadvantages
High-speed cutting	Speed is 5-10 times higher than traditional, Thermo-mechanical coupling occurs, and a critical speed threshold exists.	Reduce cutting heat and low-order vibration, reduce cutting force, extend tool life	High requirements for tool materials and equipment, challenges in parameter optimization, high initial investment and maintenance costs
Ultrasonic vibration- assisted cutting	The tool is subjected to high-frequency vibration, and is comprehensively acted by high strain rate, dynamic stress, and local thermo-mechanical coupling	Reduce cutting force and cutting heat, improve surface quality and chip evacuation, improve machining accuracy, extend tool life	Limited machining efficiency, challenges in tool life prediction, complex equipment and high cost, low technology maturity
Turn-milling machining	Composite rotational motion of workpiece and milling cutter, capable of high-speed/ultra-high-speed cutting, breaking through the centrifugal force bottleneck	Suitable for high-speed machining and micro parts, reduce surface roughness, automatic chip evacuation	Limited machining efficiency and applicability, high environmental requirements, lack of systematic market and industrial support, complex operation, high cost
Cryogenic cutting	Cool the cutting area using cooling media such as liquid nitrogen, liquid CO₂, cold air, etc.	Reduce cutting temperature, extend tool life, improve workpiece surface integrity	High parameter sensitivity, challenges in chip control, high cost
Green wet cutting	Low-pollution, degradable, and high-performance cutting fluid	Reduce waste liquid emissions, extend tool life, improve machining efficiency; environmentally friendly	The lubricating fluid has a “double-edged sword” effect, high parameter sensitivity, challenges in chip control, increased workshop safety risks
Thermohydrogen treatment assisted cutting	Based on the reversible alloying characteristics of hydrogen in titanium alloys, hydrogen is used as a transitional alloying element	Improve cutting performance, but there is a threshold for the beneficial effect of hydrogen on cutting.	Narrow hydrogen content control window, challenges in tool life prediction, complex process, high cost, potential hazards to subsequent welding

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表 2 不同刀具材料比较^{[6,93,98-101]}

Table 2. Comparison of different cutting tool materials^{[6,93,98-101]}

Tool materials	Composition or classification	Advantages	Disadvantages
High-speed steel	Elements such as W, Mo, Cr, V	Good comprehensive performance, low cost; suitable for complex tools; used for machining non - ferrous and ferrous materials	Heat resistance temperature is only 600 ℃, and serious wear occurs during high-speed cutting
Hard metal	Tungsten-cobalt type (YG), tungsten-titanium-cobalt type (YT), tungsten-titanium-tantalum-niobium type (YW)	YG has good toughness; YT has high hardness; YW has excellent comprehensive performance	Large brittleness and insufficient impact toughness; YT is prone to chemical wear
Coated tool	Cemented carbide/high-speed steel substrate + coatings such as TiC/TiN/Al₂O₃	High hardness, high wear resistance, high chemical stability, heat resistance, oxidation resistance, and low friction coefficient	Low bonding strength of conventional coatings; the substrate has poor impact resistance and is prone to microcracks
Ceramic tool	With Al₂O₃ or Si₃N₄ as the matrix, with a small amount of other alloying elements added	High hardness, high wear resistance and heat resistance, high chemical stability, and low friction coefficient	Large brittleness; poor thermal conductivity; rarely used for titanium alloys
Superhard material	Diamond (PCD), cubic boron nitride (cBN)	High hardness, high wear resistance and heat resistance, high chemical stability, low friction coefficient, and excellent thermal conductivity	Diamond is extremely costly and reacts with iron - group elements; cBN is expensive

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钛合金新型切削加工技术及切削行为研究进展

doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2026.02.014

作者简介:
贺同正，1971年出生，男，河南南阳人，博士，高级工程师，长期从事钛合金精密铸造及先进加工方面的研究工作，E-mail：hetongzheng@163.com

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Research progress on advanced cutting technologies and cutting behavior of titanium alloys

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钛合金新型切削加工技术及切削行为研究进展

doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2026.02.014

作者简介: 贺同正，1971年出生，男，河南南阳人，博士，高级工程师，长期从事钛合金精密铸造及先进加工方面的研究工作，E-mail：hetongzheng@163.com

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Research progress on advanced cutting technologies and cutting behavior of titanium alloys

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作者简介:
贺同正，1971年出生，男，河南南阳人，博士，高级工程师，长期从事钛合金精密铸造及先进加工方面的研究工作，E-mail：hetongzheng@163.com