锰硫比对超低碳钢夹杂物和导电率的影响

殷昊辉; 刘曼; 甘晓龙; 徐光

doi:10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2026.02.021

锰硫比对超低碳钢夹杂物和导电率的影响

doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2026.02.021

钢铁冶金及资源利用教育部重点实验室, 武汉科技大学, 湖北武汉 430081

详细信息

作者简介:
殷昊辉，2000年出生，湖北安陆人，硕士研究生，研究方向：电缆钢的组织性能控制，E-mail：15607292608@163.com

通讯作者:
刘曼，1994年出生，湖北武汉人，博士，讲师，研究方向：高强钢的组织性能控制，E-mail：liuman@wust.edu.cn

中图分类号: TF76,TG142.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-09-08
- 录用日期: 2025-11-17
- 修回日期: 2025-10-23
- 网络出版日期: 2026-04-29
- 刊出日期: 2026-04-29

Influence of Mn/S ratio on inclusions and electrical conductivity of ultra-low carbon steel

The Key Laboratory for Ferrous Metallurgy and Resources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, Hubei, China

摘要

摘要: 超低碳钢被广泛应用于电气工程、汽车工业等领域，因而需要良好的力学性能和导电性能。钢中FeS会造成“热脆”现象，而锰硫比则会直接影响超低碳钢中FeS的含量，从而影响其加工性能；同时，锰硫比的调控也会影响钢中元素含量与夹杂物特性，进而影响超低碳钢的导电率。为优化超低碳钢锰硫比调控，提高其综合性能，采用真空感应炉冶炼不同锰硫比的超低碳钢，利用光学显微镜、EBSD技术、EDS技术和导电率测试等手段研究了不同锰硫比超低碳钢的夹杂物特征和导电率演变规律。结果表明，钢中形成的夹杂物主要为类球状和长条状夹杂物，其中，类球状形貌占绝大部分，长条状形貌占比较小。部分夹杂物以MnO-SiO₂系二元氧化夹杂物为核心，在其周围形成FeS和MnS或(Mn, Fe)S夹杂；部分夹杂物则直接形成氧化物和硫化物的复合夹杂物。随着锰硫比的升高，夹杂物数量呈先增加后降低的变化趋势，而夹杂物尺寸则呈先减小后增大的趋势。当锰硫比为6.4及以上时，钢中基本上无FeS夹杂物。此外，随着锰硫比的升高，超低碳钢的导电率呈单调增加的变化趋势；在锰硫比为9.0时，由于最大的夹杂物尺寸和较多的夹杂物数量，固溶在钢基体中的Mn和S元素含量显著降低，从而降低了电阻率，获得了最大的导电率。
- 超低碳钢 /
- 锰硫比 /
- MnS /
- FeS /
- 导电率
Abstract: Ultra-low carbon steel is widely used in electrical engineering, automotive industry and other related fields, requiring excellent mechanical properties and electrical conductivity. In steel, FeS can induce the phenomenon of "hot brittleness," and the manganese-to-sulfur(Mn/S) ratio directly affects the FeS content in ultra-low carbon steel, thereby influencing its processability. Meanwhile, the regulation of the manganese-sulfur ratio also impacts the element content and inclusion characteristics in steel, which in turn affects the electrical conductivity of ultra-low carbon steel. To optimize the Mn/S ratio regulation of ultra-low carbon steel and enhance its comprehensive performances, ultra-low carbon steel samples with different Mn/S ratios were smelted using a vacuum induction furnace. The inclusion characteristics and conductivity evolution of ultra-low carbon steel with varying Mn/S ratios were investigated by means of optical microscopy, EBSD, EDS and conductivity testing. The results indicate that the inclusions formed in the steel are primarily near-spherical and long strip-shaped, with the near-spherical inclusions accounting for the vast majority and the long strip-shaped ones for a small proportion. For some inclusions, MnO-SiO₂ binary oxide inclusions serve as the core, around which FeS and MnS or (Mn, Fe)S inclusions are formed. Additionally, some inclusions directly form oxide-sulfide composite inclusions. With the increase of Mn/S ratio, the number of inclusions first increases and then decreases, while the size of inclusions first decreases and then increases. When the Mn/S ratio is 6.4 or higher, there are essentially no FeS inclusions present in the steel. Furthermore, as the Mn/S ratio increases, the electrical conductivity of the ultra-low carbon steel exhibits a monotonic increasing trend. At Mn/S =9.0, owing to the largest inclusion sizes and relatively high number of inclusions, the contents of Mn and S elements dissolved in the steel matrix are significantly reduced. Consequently, the electrical resistivity of the steel decreases, allowing it to achieve the highest electrical conductivity.
- ultra-low carbon steel /
- Mn/S ratio /
- MnS /
- FeS /
- electrical conductivity

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图 1 试样抛光态500倍金相图

（a）A1样w[Mn]/w[S]=4.2；（b）A2样w[Mn]/w[S]=5.0；（c）A3样w[Mn]/w[S]=6.4；（d）A4样w[Mn]/w[S]=9.0

Figure 1. Optical micrographs of the polished specimens at 500× magnification

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图 2 类球状夹杂物a形貌和元素分布

Figure 2. Morphology and elemental maps of near-spherical inclusion a

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图 3 类球状夹杂物b形貌和元素分布

Figure 3. Morphology and elemental maps of near-spherical inclusion b

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图 4 类球状夹杂物c形貌和元素分布

Figure 4. Morphology and elemental maps of near-spherical inclusion c

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图 5 A1钢（$w $[Mn]/$w $[S]=4.2）典型夹杂物的EBSD和能谱结果

Figure 5. EBSD and EDS results of typical inclusions in A1 steel($w $[Mn]/$w $[S]=4.2)

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图 6 A2钢（$w $[Mn]/$w $[S]=5.0）典型夹杂物的EBSD和能谱结果

Figure 6. EBSD and EDS results of typical inclusions in A2 steel($w $[Mn]/$w $[S]=5.0)

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图 7 A3钢（$w $[Mn]/$w $[S]=6.4）典型夹杂物的EBSD和能谱结果

Figure 7. EBSD and EDS results of typical inclusions in A3 steel($w $[Mn]/$w $[S]=6.4)

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图 8 A4钢（$w $[Mn]/$w $[S]=9.0）典型夹杂物的EBSD和能谱结果

Figure 8. EBSD and EDS results of typical inclusions in A4 steel($w $[Mn]/$w $[S]=9.0)

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图 9 不同$w $[Mn]/$w $[S]下试样钢的特性参数

（a）导电率；（b）单位面积夹杂物数量与尺寸

Figure 9. Characteristic parameters of the sample steels under different $w $[Mn]/$w $[S]

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表 1 试样的化学成分

Table 1. Chemical compositions of the samples

Sample		C/%	Si/%	Mn/%	S/%	w[Mn]/w[S]
A1	Target	0.05	0.05	0.10	0.025	4.0
A1	Actual	0.05	0.05	0.11	0.026	4.2
A2	Target	0.05	0.05	0.10	0.020	5.0
A2	Actual	0.04	0.05	0.10	0.020	5.0
A3	Target	0.05	0.05	0.10	0.015	6.7
A3	Actual	0.04	0.06	0.09	0.014	6.4
A4	Target	0.05	0.05	0.10	0.010	10.0
A4	Actual	0.05	0.05	0.09	0.010	9.0

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