Study on the synergistic effect of granulated blast furnace slag and basalt fiber on concrete performance
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摘要: 粒化高炉矿渣（Granulated Blast Furnace Slag，GBFS）大量堆积造成了潜在环境风险。研究以GBFS替代部分或全部机制砂（Manufactured Sand，MS），并掺入玄武岩纤维（Basalt Fiber，BF）配制混凝土，测试其工作性能与力学性能，并通过微观图像分析二者对混凝土性能的影响机理。结果表明：GBFS替砂符合规范要求，以混凝土立方体抗压强度（fcu）为考核指标，最佳替砂率为60%，较基准混凝土28 d强度提升12.4%；单掺BF的最佳掺量为0.3%；协同影响最优配合比为水胶比0.35、GBFS替代率60%、BF长度9 mm-0.3%掺量、减水剂掺量1.5%。GBFS替砂能促进二次水化作用，生成更多C-S-H凝胶并细化孔隙；BF在基体中起到有效桥接和减小裂缝的作用，弥补GBFS替砂后引起的混凝土早期强度降低的问题。Abstract: The large accumulation of granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) has caused potential environmental risks. In this study, GBFS was used to replace part or all of the manufactured sand (MS), and Basalt fiber (BF) was added to prepare concrete. The working performance and mechanical properties of concrete were tested, and the influence mechanism of the two on the above properties of concrete was analyzed by microscopic image. The results show that the GBFS sand replacement meets the requirements of the specification. The compressive strength of the concrete cube is used as the assessment index, the optimal sand replacement rate is 60%, which is 12.4% higher than the strength of the 28d benchmark concrete. The optimum content of BF is 0.3%. The optimal mix ratio of synergistic effect is water-binder ratio 0.35, GBFS replacement rate 60%, BF length 9 mm-0.3%, and water reducing agent 1.5%. GBFS sand replacement can promote secondary hydration, generate more C-S-H gel and refine pores. Meanwhile, BF plays an effective role in bridging and reducing cracks in the matrix, and makes up for the reduction of early strength of concrete caused by GBFS sand replacement.
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图 3 单掺对混凝土工作性能影响
Figure 3. The effect of single admixture on the working performance of concrete
(a)GBFS;(b)BF
图 4 GBFS替砂对抗压强度影响
Figure 4. Effect of GBFS replacing sand on compressive strength of concrete
图 5 BF掺入后对抗压强度及劈裂抗拉强度的影响
Figure 5. Effect of BF on compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of concrete
(a)fcu,3 d;(b)fcu,7 d;(c)fcu,14 d;(d)fcu,28 d;(e)fts,7 d;(f)fts,28 d
图 6 各因素对混凝土性能影响
Figure 6. The influence on concrete performance of each factor
(a)Slump;(b)fcu,3 d;(c)fcu,7 d;(d)fcu,14 d;(e)fcu,28 d;(f)fts,7 d & 8 d
图 7 混凝土抗压强度试验破坏形态
Figure 7. Failure mode of concrete compressive strength test
(a)NC;(b)GBFS;(c)BF;(d)GBFS-BF
图 8 混凝土劈裂抗拉强度试验破坏形态
Figure 8. Failure mode of concrete splitting tensile strength test
(a)NC;(b)BF;(c)GBFS-BF
图 10 三组混凝土28天的SEM图像及EDS能谱
Figure 10. SEM images and EDS spectra of the three concrete groups after 28 days of curing
SEM:(a)~(c)A1B1C1D1, (d)~(f)A2B3C1D2, (g)~(i)A3B2C1D3；EDS: (j)A1B1C1D1, (k)A2B3C1D2, (l)A3B2C1D3-EDS
表 1 GBFS主要化学成分
Table 1. Main chemical composition of blast furnace slag
% CaO SiO2 Al2O3 MgO SO3 Fe2O3 K2O P2O5 Burning
vector39.7 30.8 8.2 4.5 2.4 1.0 0.6 4.23 
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表 2 BF主要性能指标
Table 2. Main performance indicators of basalt fiber
Fiber name Monofilament diameter/μm Fiber length/mm Density/(g·cm−3) Tensile strength/MPa Elastic modulus/GPa Breaking elongation/% BF 15 9，12，15 2.65 3000 ～4800 91～110 2.4～3.0
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表 3 GBFS替砂混凝土配合比
Table 3. The mix proportion of GBFS concrete for sand replacement
Numbering Raw material/(kg·m−3) Rate of
substitution/%Cement Water MS GBFS CS Water reducing
admixtureNC 417 165 777 0 1031 4.17 0 GBFS-20 621.6 142.6 1013.1 20 GBFS-30 543.9 214.0 1004.6 30 GBFS-40 466.2 285.3 996.1 40 GBFS-50 388.5 356.6 987.7 50 GBFS-60 310.8 427.9 979.2 60 GBFS-70 233.1 499.2 970.88 70 GBFS-80 155.4 570.6 962.3 80 GBFS-100 0 713.2 945.4 100
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表 4 BF掺入混凝土配合比
Table 4. BF mixed with concrete mix ratio
Numbering Raw material/(kg·m−3) Length/
mmMixing
amount/%Cement Water MS CS Water reducing
admixtureBF NC 417 165 777 1031 4.17 0 0 0 BF-9-0.1 2.65 9 0.1 BF-9-0.3 7.95 9 0.3 BF-9-0.5 13.25 9 0.5 BF-12-0.1 2.65 12 0.1 BF-12-0.3 7.95 12 0.3 BF-12-0.5 13.25 12 0.5 BF-15-0.1 2.65 15 0.1 BF-15-0.3 7.95 15 0.3 BF-15-0.5 13.25 15 0.5
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表 5 正交试验具体方案
Table 5. The specific scheme of orthogonal test
Numbering Factor 1 Factor 2 Factor 3 Factor 4 A water-binder
ratioB GBFS
replacement
rate/%C BF length/
mmD water
reducing
agent/%1 1 0.35 1 50 1 9 1 1.0 2 1 0.35 2 60 2 12 2 1.5 3 1 0.35 3 70 3 15 3 2.0 4 2 0.40 1 50 2 12 3 2.0 5 2 0.40 2 60 3 15 1 1.0 6 2 0.40 3 70 1 9 2 1.5 7 3 0.45 1 50 3 15 2 1.5 8 3 0.45 2 60 1 9 3 2.0 9 3 0.45 3 70 2 12 1 1.0
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表 6 GBFS与MS筛分试验结果
Table 6. GBFS and MS screening test results
Nominal size/mm Scoring sieve residue/% Accumulated sieving residue/% II Grading Area GBFS MS GBFS MS 5.0 0.2 2.7 0.2 2.7 10~0 2.5 2.8 19.2 3.0 21.9 25~0 1.25 24.2 20.0 27.2 42.0 50~10 0.63 41.7 20.1 68.9 62.0 70~41 0.315 20.6 19.7 89.6 81.8 92~70 0.160 7.1 13.5 96.7 95.2 100~90
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表 7 骨料性能
Table 7. Aggregate properties
Materials Apparent density/(kg·m−3) Packing density/(kg·m−3) Crushing value/% Particle grading composition Fineness modulus MS 2740 1598 8.3 0.160~5.0 2.97 GBFS 2515 1431 15.2 0.160~5.0 2.85 CS 2657 1459 9.7 5.0~20.0
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表 8 正交试验结果
Table 8. Results of orthogonal test
Numbering Slump/mm Compressional
strength/MPaSplit tensile
strength/MPa3 d 7 d 14 d 28 d 7 d 28 d 1 115 32.9 39.4 48.2 52.4 3.41 4.42 2 130 30.3 38.0 46.6 52.5 3.64 4.66 3 145 30.0 36.2 45.8 50.8 3.83 4.73 4 160 26.7 33.2 40.6 46.7 3.12 4.10 5 115 28.4 34.6 42.5 47.2 3.27 4.32 6 140 27.0 33.6 40.4 46.8 2.98 4.13 7 150 22.9 25.8 34.3 40.2 2.89 3.79 8 170 21.4 27.9 35.5 40.8 2.55 3.32 9 120 21.4 25.5 33.2 39.3 2.69 3.50
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表 9 最优配合比确定
Table 9. Determination of the optimal mix proportion
Experiment Curing
age/dPriority order
of factorsBest
organizationOptimum
mixWorking
performanceD＞A＞C＞B A3B1C1D3 A1B2C1D2 Compressive
strength3 A＞D＞B＞C A1B1C3D1 7 A＞B＞C＞D A1B2C1D2 14 A＞B＞C＞D A1B2C1D1 28 A＞B＞C＞D A1B2C1D2 Splitting tensile
strength7 A＞C＞B＞D A1B3C3D2 28 A＞C＞B＞D A1B3C3D2
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