Comparative study on the microstructure and properties of arc additive composite plates with different welding materials
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摘要: 为优化H13钢基复合板的堆焊工艺及性能，选用不同焊接材料，采用电弧增材技术制备高强复合板，对比分析其微观组织形貌、显微维氏硬度、冲击韧性及断口特征。结果表明：高强层底部和中部组织主要由铁素体、回火马氏体、淬火马氏体及少量残余奥氏体组成；顶部组织则以铁素体、淬火马氏体和少量残余奥氏体为主，回火马氏体占比显著降低。单一焊丝所制复合板高强层硬度(HV)均值为684，冲击韧度为7.37 J/cm2，堆焊层断口呈解理断裂；复合焊丝制备复合板高强层硬度(HV)降至606.7，316L过渡层的塑性缓冲作用使冲击韧度提升14%至8.41 J/cm2，断口表现为准解理断裂。Abstract: To optimize the welding process and performance of H13 steel-based composite plates, different welding materials were selected and two high-strength composite plates were fabricated using arc additive manufacturing. The microstructure morphology, micro-Vickers hardness, impact toughness, and fracture characteristics of these plates were compared and analyzed. The results indicate that the bottom and middle parts of the high-strength layer are mainly composed of ferrite, tempered martensite, quenched martensite and a small amount of residual austenite, while the top layers are mainly composed of ferrite, quenched martensite and a small amount of residual austenite, with a significantly reduced proportion of tempered martensite. The average vickers hardness of the high-strength layer in Scheme A is 684. While in Scheme B it drops to 606.7, the vickers hardness curve changes more gradually. The impact toughness of the composite plate in Scheme A is 7.37 J/cm2, and the fracture surface of the overlay shows cleavage fracture. In scheme B, the introduction of the 316 L transition layer plays a plastic buffering role, increasing the impact toughness to 8.41 J/cm2, with an increase of 14%. The fracture surface of the overlay presents quasi-cleavage fracture.
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Key words:
- transition layer /
- high strength layer /
- hot work die steel /
- microstructure /
- impact toughness
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图 2 多层多道焊电弧增材制造示意
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of multi-layer multi-pass arc additive manufacturing
图 3 方案A不同位置的显微组织
(a)基材区；(b)堆焊层底部；(c)堆焊层中部；(d)堆焊层顶部
Figure 3. Microstructure of scheme A at different positions
图 4 方案B不同位置的显微组织
(a)熔合区；(b)过渡层；(c)过渡层与高强层交界；(d)高强层底部；(e)高强层中部；(f)高强层顶部
Figure 4. Microstructure of scheme B at different positions
图 5 不同方案试样显微硬度分布
Figure 5. Microhardness distribution of samples from different schemes
图 6 不同方案试样的冲击韧度值
Figure 6. Impact toughness values of the test specimens from different schemes
图 7 方案A冲击试样断口形貌
(a)基板层；(b)堆焊层
Figure 7. Fracture morphology of the impact specimens for scheme A
图 8 方案B冲击试样断口形貌
(a)基板层；(b)堆焊层
Figure 8. Fracture morphology of the impact specimens for scheme B
表 1 H13钢材化学成分
Table 1. Chemical composition of H13 steel
% C Cr Si Mo V Mn S P 0.32～0.42 4.75～5.50 0.80～1.20 1.10～1.75 0.80～1.20 0.20～0.50 ≤0.030 ≤0.030 
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表 2 焊丝化学成分
Table 2. Chemical compositions of welding wire
% Welding wires C Mn Si Cr Mo Ni W Co Fe YD557 ≤0.60 ≤3.00 ≤0.80 2.00～4.00 ≤2.00 ≤1.00 6.50～8.50 ≤2.00 Bal. 316L ≤0.04 0.50～2.50 ≤1.00 17.0～20.0 2.0～3.0 11.0～14.0 Bal.
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表 3 不同焊丝单层单道焊接工艺参数
Table 3. Welding process parameters for single layer and single pass welding with different welding wires
Welding wires Voltage/V Current/A Welding speed/(mm·min-1) Wire feeding speed/(mm·min-1) Protective gas flow rate/(L·min-1) YD557 20 220～250 300 330 18 316L 22 190～230 300 330 18
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表 4 不同堆焊试验方案
Table 4. Different welding schemes
Sehemes First layer of surfacing welding Second layer of surfacing welding High strength wear-resistant layer A YD557 YD557 YD557 B 316L YD557 YD557
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