Ti-Nb微合金钢中第二相在奥氏体中的析出行为研究

刘坤; 甘晓龙; 王文军; 熊自柳; 刘斌; 杨扬

doi:10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2026.03.018

Ti-Nb微合金钢中第二相在奥氏体中的析出行为研究

doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2026.03.018

刘坤^1,,
甘晓龙^1, ,,
王文军²,
熊自柳²,
刘斌³,
杨扬¹

1.
武汉科技大学材料科学与工程学院, 湖北武汉430081
2.
中信金属股份有限公司, 北京100004
3.
宝钢中央研究院，湖北武汉430080

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（52474365）。

详细信息

作者简介:
刘坤，2002年出生，男，山东济南人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为高性能钢铁材料，E-mail：liukun020307@163.com

通讯作者:
甘晓龙，1984年出生，男，湖北荆州人，博士，教授，主要研究方向为高性能钢铁材料研发，E-mail：ganxiaolong@wust.edu.cn

中图分类号: TG142
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2026-01-19
- 录用日期: 2026-02-09
- 修回日期: 2026-02-03
- 刊出日期: 2026-06-29

Precipitation behavior of the second phase in austenite in Ti-Nb microalloyed steel

1.
College of materials science and engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, Hubei, China
2.
CITIC Metal Co., Ltd, Beijing 100004, China
3.
Baosteel Central Research Institute, Wuhan 430080, Hubei, China

摘要

摘要: 基于微合金复合第二相的固溶析出与形核长大理论，构建了0.06%C-0.17%Ti-0.03%Nb微合金钢中(Ti, Nb)C复合第二相在奥氏体中析出的热力学与动力学模型，并绘制了第二相析出物在奥氏体中的形核率-温度(NrT)曲线和析出-时间-温度(PTT)曲线，试验钢的NrT曲线呈现反“C”型特征，PTT曲线则呈现典型的“C”型特征，最大形核率温度与最快析出温度约为900 ℃。通过应力松弛试验验证了理论计算结果。采用TEM透射电镜对应力松弛试验典型试样中的第二相析出物进行了表征，结果表明第二相析出物与基体之间满足N-W取向关系，主要为奥氏体中析出的(Ti, Nb)C复合碳化物。
- 第二相析出 /
- 理论计算 /
- NrT曲线 /
- PTT曲线 /
- 应力松弛
Abstract: Based on the solid solution precipitation and nucleation growth theory of the second phase of microalloyed composite, a thermodynamic and kinetic model for the precipitation of the (Ti, Nb)C composite second phase in austenite in 0.06%C-0.17%Ti-0.03%Nb microalloyed steel was constructed, and the nucleation rate-temperature(NRT) curve and precipitation-time-temperature(PTT) curve of the second phase precipitates in austenite were drawn. The NrT curve of the test steel showed an anti "C" type feature, while the PTT curve showed a typical "C" type feature. The peak nucleation rate was observed at approximately 900 ℃, a temperature which also corresponds to the optimum point for precipitation kinetics. The theoretical results were verified by stress relaxation test. TEM were used to characterize the second phase precipitates in the typical samples of stress relaxation test. The results showed that the second phase precipitates and the matrix met the N-W orientation relationship, mainly composed of (Ti, Nb)C composite carbides precipitated in austenite.
- second phase precipitation /
- theoretical calculation /
- NrT curve /
- PTT curve /
- stress relaxation

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图 1 热力学计算结果

(a)试样钢中[Ti]、[Nb]、[C]随温度的变化；(b)Ti_xNb_yC中系数x随温度的变化

Figure 1. Thermodynamic calculation results

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图 2 (Ti, Nb)C在奥氏体析出的NrT关系曲线

Figure 2. NrT relationship curve corresponding to the precipitation of (Ti, Nb)C in austenite

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图 3 试验钢析出过程的PTT理论计算曲线

Figure 3. Theoretically calculated PTT curves for the precipitation process in the test steel

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图 4 不同试样的应力松弛曲线

Figure 4. Stress relaxation curves of different samples

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图 5 试验钢的PTT曲线

Figure 5. PTT curves of test steel

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图 6 析出物形貌

Figure 6. Precipitate morphology

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图 7 EDS成分分析

Figure 7. EDS compositions analysis

(a) Spectrum 1; (b) Spectrum 2; (c) Spectrum 3; (d) Spectrum 4

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图 8 析出物粒径统计

Figure 8. Statistical diagram of precipitate particle size

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图 9 典型尺寸析出物高分辨表征

(a)试样的高分辨图像；(b)傅里叶变换； (c)反傅里叶变换；(d₁)(d₂)不同晶面间距测量区域

Figure 9. High resolution characterization of typical size precipitates

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表 1 试验钢化学成分

Table 1. Chemical composition of test steel %

C	Si	Mn	P	S	Nb	Cr	Ti	Als	N	Fe
≤0.07	≤0.20	≤1.65	0.015	0.004	0.03	0.35	0.17	0.025	0.003	Bal.

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表 2 热力学计算数据

Table 2. Thermodynamic calculation data

Temperature/℃	[Ti]/%	[Nb]/%	[V]/%	$x $	$y $
1100	0.1035	0.0202	0.0446	0.9180	0.0820
1050	0.0681	0.0148	0.0351	0.9215	0.0785
1000	0.0418	0.0107	0.0279	0.9221	0.0779
975	0.0317	0.0089	0.0252	0.9217	0.0783
950	0.0235	0.0073	0.0229	0.9209	0.0791
925	0.0169	0.0059	0.0211	0.9199	0.0801
900	0.0118	0.0046	0.0196	0.9187	0.0813
875	0.0080	0.0035	0.0185	0.9174	0.0826

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表 3 动力学计算数据

Table 3. Dynamics calculation data

Temperature/℃	$ d_{d}^{*}/{\mathrm{nm}} $	$ \Delta G_{d}^{*} /{\mathrm{J}}$	$I_{{d}} / \mathrm{K}$	$ P_{\mathrm{s}} / \mathrm{s} $	$P_{\mathrm{f}} / \mathrm{s} $
1100	2.7791	3.378E-18	−74.73	77.83	79.60
1050	1.5685	1.025E-18	−28.71	32.17	33.94
1000	1.1114	4.882E-19	−19.34	23.19	24.96
975	0.9751	3.656E-19	−17.45	21.51	23.27
950	0.8711	2.835E-19	−16.31	20.58	22.35
925	0.7890	2.259E-19	−15.61	20.11	21.87
900	0.7225	1.837E-19	−15.18	19.92	21.68
875	0.6675	1.520E-19	−14.93	19.92	21.68

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表 4 不同试样析出的开始时间与结束时间

Table 4. Start time and end time of precipitation of different samples

Temperature/℃	Precipitation start time/s	Precipitation finish time/s
875	32.4	431.4
900	14.0	74.0
925	18.2	100.0
950	26.6	690.0
975	33.4	516.8
1000	39.8	756.8

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