可溶性淀粉选择性分离磁铁矿与角闪石的试验研究

李万兴; 朱思宇; 陆泽通; 刘双安; 张琦; 张鹏羽; 李洪强

doi:10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2026.03.022

可溶性淀粉选择性分离磁铁矿与角闪石的试验研究

doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2026.03.022

1.
鞍钢集团矿业设计研究院有限公司, 辽宁鞍山 114004
2.
武汉工程大学, 湖北武汉 430205
3.
湖北宜化环保科技有限公司, 湖北宜都 443311
4.
中冶长天国际工程有限责任公司, 湖南长沙 410205

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（51974205）；武汉工程大学研究生教育创新基金项目（CX2024064）。

详细信息

作者简介:
李万兴，1994年出生，男，辽宁海城人，硕士研究生，工程师，研究方向为矿物分选方面，E-mail：228861250@qq.com

通讯作者:
陆泽通，1996年出生，男，甘肃兰州人，硕士研究生，研究方向为矿产资源综合利用，E-mail：luzt@hbyihua.cn

中图分类号: TD913
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-11-22
- 录用日期: 2025-12-29
- 修回日期: 2025-12-24
- 刊出日期: 2026-06-29

Study on the selective separation of magnetite and hornblende using soluble starch

1.
An Steel Mining Engineering Corporation, Anshan 114004, Liaoning, China
2.
Wuhan institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, Hubei, China
3.
Hubei Yihua Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Yidu 443311, Hubei, China
4.
Zhongye Changtian International Engineering Co. Ltd. , Changsha 410205, Hunan, China

摘要

摘要: 角闪石为含铁硅酸盐矿物，与磁铁矿性质接近难以分离。通过单矿物浮选、人工混合矿浮选及实际矿物浮选试验探究了可溶性苛化淀粉TF作为磁铁矿抑制剂的可行性，并利用接触角、Zeta电位、傅里叶红外光谱（FTIR）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）分析手段揭示了TF在磁铁矿表面的作用机制。结果表明，在pH=7、捕收剂609用量7.5 mg/L、TF用量10 mg/L的条件下，TF能有效抑制磁铁矿，但对角闪石抑制效果不明显。实际矿石浮选试验进一步证实，TF不仅可作为磁铁矿与角闪石分离的高效抑制剂，还可缓解泡沫量过多的现象。TF吸附在磁铁矿表面，使其亲水性显著提高，并通过其分子结构中-COOH、-OH等含氧基团与磁铁矿表面的Fe原子形成配位键，产生化学吸附，有效阻碍了捕收剂609在磁铁矿表面的吸附。
- 磁铁矿 /
- 角闪石 /
- 浮选 /
- 抑制剂 /
- 化学吸附
Abstract: Hornblende is a ferrous silicate mineral with similar floatability to magnetite, making the two minerals difficult to separate. The feasibility of Soluble Causticized Starch (TF) as depressant of magnetite was assessed in the single-mineral, artificial-mixed-ore and natural ore flotation test. Meanwhile, the adsorption mechanisms of TF on magnetite surface were investigated through contact angle measurement, Zeta potential measurement, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The flotation test results showed that under the condition of pH=7, 7.5 mg/L collector 609 and 10 mg/L TF could effectively depress magnetite, but the depression effect on hornblende was not obvious. Flotation tests on raw ore further confirmed that TF not only could be used as an depressant for the separation of magnetite and hornblende, but also alleviate excessive foam formation. TF adsorbs on the surface of magnetite, thereby significantly increasing its hydrophilicity. Oxygen-containing functional groups -COOH, -OH forming coordination bonds with surface Fe of magnetite via chemical adsorption hinders the adsorption of collector 609 on magnetite surface effectively.
- magnetite /
- hornblende /
- flotation /
- depressant /
- chemical adsorption

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图 1 铁矿物中主要矿物颗粒典型形貌

Figure 1. Typical morphologies of major mineral grains in iron-bearing minerals

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图 2 实际矿石粗选试验流程

Figure 2. Actual ore roughing testing process

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图 3 捕收剂609浓度对单矿物上浮率的影响

Figure 3. Effect of collector 609 concentration on single mineral flotation rate

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图 4 矿浆pH对单矿物上浮率的影响

Figure 4. Effect of pulp pH on single mineral flotation rate

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图 5 抑制剂TF浓度对单矿物上浮率的影响

Figure 5. Effect of inhibitor TF concentration on single mineral flotation rate

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图 6 抑制剂TF用量对人工混合矿浮选试验结果影响

Figure 6. Effect of inhibitor TF dosage on flotation test results of artificial mixed ore

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图 7 磁铁矿和角闪石在不同条件下的接触角（609=75 mg/L，TF=50 mg/L，pH=7）

Figure 7. Contact angles of magnetite and amphibole under different conditions (609 = 75 mg/L, TF = 50 mg/L, pH = 7)

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图 8 磁铁矿和角闪石与609、609+TF分别作用前后的Zeta电位

(ａ)磁铁矿；(ｂ)角闪石

Figure 8. Zeta potential of magnetite and amphibole before and after interaction with 609 and 609+TF, respectively

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图 9 药剂处理前后磁铁矿、角闪石的红外光谱

(a)磁铁矿；(b)角闪石

Figure 9. Infrared spectra of magnetite and amphibole before and after chemical treatment

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图 10 可溶性淀粉作用前后的磁铁矿的全谱、C 1s窄谱、O 1s窄谱和Fe 2p窄谱

（a）全谱；（b）C 1s窄谱；（c）O 1s窄谱；（d）Fe 2p窄谱

Figure 10. Full spectrum, C 1s narrow spectrum, O 1s narrow spectrum, and Fe 2p narrow spectrum of magnetite before and after soluble starch treatment

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表 1 抑制剂TF用量对实际矿物粗选试验及泡沫量的影响

Table 1. Effect of inhibitor TF dosage on actual ore roughing test results and froth quantity

TF/（g·t⁻¹） Yield/% Grade/% Recovery/% Foam volume/mL

0 61.81 66.4 72.35 2600

200 65.18 66.63 74.64 2500

500 69.08 65.96 79.13 1900

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