基于VAR数值模拟的新型Ti551钛合金熔炼工艺研究

罗坤; 郑友平; 耿乃涛; 游彦军; 李京懋

doi:10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2026.02.004

基于VAR数值模拟的新型Ti551钛合金熔炼工艺研究

doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2026.02.004

罗坤^{1, 2,},
郑友平^{1, 2},
耿乃涛¹,
游彦军²,
李京懋^2, ,

1.
攀钢集团研究院有限公司，钒钛资源综合利用国家重点实验室，四川攀枝花 617000
2.
成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院股份有限公司, 四川成都 610300

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划：深海特种装备用高均质超大尺寸钛合金构件制造关键技术（2024YFB3714200）。

详细信息

作者简介:
罗坤，1996年出生，男，重庆人，硕士研究生，工程师，研究方向为钛合金熔炼，E-mail：1411540211@qq.com

通讯作者:
李京懋，1992年出生，男，四川渠县人，博士研究生，工程师，研究方向为钛合金加工，E-mail：lijm2016@163.com

中图分类号: TF823,TG146
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-11-17
- 录用日期: 2026-02-04
- 修回日期: 2026-01-22
- 网络出版日期: 2026-04-20
- 刊出日期: 2026-04-20

A study on the melting process of novel Ti551 titanium alloy using VAR numerical simulation

LUO Kun^{1, 2
,},
ZHENG Youping^{1, 2},
GENG Naitao¹,
YOU Yanjun²,
LI Jingmao^{2
, ,}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Vanadium and Titanium Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Pangang Group Research Institute Co., Ltd., Panzhihua 617000, Sichuan, China
2.
Chengdu Advanced Metal Materials Industrial Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd, Chengdu 610300, Sichuan, China

摘要

摘要: 为满足深海装备对耐压材料的需要，围绕新型α+β钛合金Ti551的熔炼工艺展开系统研究，在数值模拟优化熔炼参数的基础上，成功实现了从150 kg试验模型到3 t级工业铸锭的放大制备，并采用真空自耗电弧熔炼（VAR）工艺进行验证，最终获得纯净度高、组织均匀性良好的3 t级Ti551工业铸锭。研究重点考察了熔炼电流与稳弧电流对铸锭成分均匀性和熔池形貌的影响，通过五种不同熔炼工艺的对比试验，得出在熔炼电流为21～24 kA、稳弧电流为15 A、稳弧交流时间为30 s的优化工艺条件下，所获效果最优的结论。基于该工艺制备的3 t工业铸锭表面光洁，无冷隔、皮下气孔及夹渣等缺陷，成分均匀性良好，其中Cr、Fe、Sn、V、Zr等关键元素的极差均不超过0.03，未出现明显宏观偏析，综合性能满足深海装备对原材料的严苛要求。
- 新型Ti551钛合金 /
- 真空自耗电弧熔炼 /
- 数值模拟 /
- 成分均匀
Abstract: To meet the demand for pressure-resistant materials in deep-sea equipment, this study investigated the melting process of a novel α+β titanium alloy Ti551 based on Vacuum Arc Remelting (VAR) numerical simulation. By optimizing parameters through numerical simulation, the melting process was directly scaled up from a 150 kg model to produce 3-ton industrial-scale ingots via VAR. The results demonstrate the successful production of high-purity, highly homogeneous 3-ton Ti551 industrial ingots. The study focused on the effects of melting current and arc-stabilizing current on compositional homogeneity and pool profile, identifying reduced melting current as the optimal parameter. Through comparative experiments of five different melting processes, it was concluded that the optimized process conditions—a melting current of 21~24 kA, an arc-stabilizing current of 15 A, and an AC arc stabilization time of 30 s—yielded the best results. Based on this optimized process, the produced 3-ton industrial ingots exhibited a smooth surface free from defects such as cold shuts, subsurface porosity, and slag inclusions. The ingots demonstrated good compositional uniformity, with the range of key elements including Cr, Fe, Sn, V, and Zr all within 0.03, indicating no significant macrosegregation. The overall properties meet the stringent requirements for raw materials used in deep-sea equipment.
- novel Ti551 titanium alloy /
- vacuum arc remelting /
- numerical simulation /
- composition uniformity

HTML全文

图 1 MeltFlow-VAR模拟计算150 kg Ti551熔炼中各铸锭的Al元素分布

（a）一次锭；（b）二次锭；（c）三次锭

Figure 1. MeltFlow-VAR simulation calculation of Al element distribution of each ingot in 150 kg Ti551 smelting

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图 2 VAR熔炼制备150 kg Ti551钛合金铸锭的流程

Figure 2. Process of preparing 150 kg Ti551 titanium alloy ingot by VAR melting

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图 3 VAR实际和数值模拟计算的150 kg Ti551结果对比

（a） VAR；（b）数值模拟计算

Figure 3. Comparison between actual results and numerical simulation of VAR for 150 kg Ti551

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图 4 数值模拟计算熔炼电流和稳弧电流情况下3 t Ti551钛合金铸锭中合金元素的分布

熔炼电流：(a1)工艺3，(a2)工艺1，(a3)工艺2；稳弧电流：（b1)工艺5，(b2)工艺1，(b3)工艺4

Figure 4. Numerical simulation of the distribution of alloy elements in a 3 t Ti551 titanium alloy ingot under melting current and arc stabilization current conditions

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 数值模拟计算熔炼电流和稳弧电流对熔池深度的影响

熔炼电流：(a1)工艺3，(a2)工艺1，(a3)工艺2；稳弧电流：（b1)工艺5，(b2)工艺1，(b3)工艺4

Figure 5. Effect of melting current and arc-stabilizing current on pool depth calculated by numerical simulation

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图 6 3 t工业级Ti551钛合金的电极、铸锭及扒皮后光锭

（a）电极；（b）铸锭；（c）扒皮后光锭

Figure 6. Electrode, ingot and peeled ingot of 3 t industrial grade Ti551 titanium alloy

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图 7 Ti551铸锭侧面多点（12 点）取样方案示意

Figure 7. Schematic diagram of multi-point (12 points) sampling scheme on the side of Ti551 ingot

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表 1 计算采用的Ti551钛合金物性参数

Table 1. Physical parameters of Ti551 titanium alloy used in calculation

Liquid density/（kg·m⁻³）	Solid density/（kg·m⁻³）	Volume expansion coefficient×10⁵/K⁻¹	Solidus temperature/K	Liquidus temperature/K	Latent heat× 10⁻⁵/（J·kg⁻¹）	Electrical conductivity× 10⁻⁵/（A·V⁻¹·m⁻¹）
4060	4510	9.35	1947	2000	3.20	8.5

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 3 t Ti551钛合金第三次VAR熔炼的不同模拟计算工艺参数

Table 2. Different simulation calculation process parameters for the third VAR melting of 3 t Ti551 titanium alloy

	Melting condition	Electric current/kA	Arc stabilizing current /A	Arc stabilizing AC time/s
Process 1	Benchmark process	23～26	15	30
Process 2	Increase melting current	25～28	15	30
Process 3	Reduce melting current	21～24	15	30
Process 4	Increase arc stabilizing current	23～26	20	30
Process 5	Reduce arc stabilizing current	23～26	10	30

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 Ti551钛合金铸锭成分分析结果

Table 3. Composition analysis results of Ti551 titanium alloy ingot %

	Cr	Fe	Sn	V	Zr
Standard value	0.8～1.2	≤0.20	0.8～1.2	0.8～1.2	0.8～1.2
Maximum value	0.96	0.16	1.04	1.03	1.01
Minimum value	0.93	0.15	1.03	1.00	0.98
Average value	0.96	0.15	1.04	1.02	1.00
Extreme difference	0.03	0.01	0.01	0.03	0.03

下载: 导出CSV

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