纯钛EB坯中夹杂物的电解试验研究

李阳; 刘睿; 白于良; 桂天浩; 孙彦辉

doi:10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2026.02.013

纯钛EB坯中夹杂物的电解试验研究

doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2026.02.013

1.
攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司, 四川攀枝花 617000
2.
北京科技大学钢铁共性技术协同创新中心, 北京 100083

详细信息

作者简介:
李阳，1990年出生，男，河南新乡人，博士，工程师，主要从事钛及钛合金熔铸方向研究工作，E-mail：leeyang0325@163.com

中图分类号: TF823，TG146.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-11-18
- 录用日期: 2025-12-17
- 修回日期: 2025-12-16
- 网络出版日期: 2026-04-29
- 刊出日期: 2026-04-29

Experimental study of inclusions in CP-Ti EB ingot by electrolytic extraction

1.
Pangang Group Research Institute Co. Ltd., Panzhihua 617000, Sichuan, China
2.
Collaborative Innovation Center of Steel Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China

摘要

摘要: 采用电子束冷床炉（EBCHM）熔炼的TA2轧制酸洗卷常出现表面起皮缺陷。针对这一现象，研究通过电解法得到了TA2铸锭中的夹杂物，采用SEM-EDS研究了夹杂物的三维形貌、种类及尺寸分布并分析其来源。基于C语言建立了钛氧化物夹杂的溶解模型，分析了其去除机理和影响因素。结果表明，TA2铸锭中的夹杂物以钛氧化物为主，占比86.84%，以及少量的Al₂O₃、复合夹杂和高密度夹杂，夹杂尺寸大多分布在80～300 μm；钛氧化物在溶解的过程中表层会发生相变，生成Ti₃O₅相薄层，在1720 ℃下，直径500 μm的TiO₂完全溶解需要466.67 s。铸锭内夹杂物的含量与轧制表面质量呈反比，提升熔体温度和降低熔炼速率有利于提升铸锭纯净度和轧制表面的质量。
- TA2纯钛 /
- 夹杂物 /
- 表面起皮缺陷 /
- 热轧卷 /
- 电解萃取
Abstract: The TA2 rolled and pickled coils produced by electron beam cold hearth melting (EBCHM) often exhibits surface peeling defects. To address this issue, this study extracted inclusions from TA2 ingots via electrolytic extraction and investigated their three-dimensional morphology, type, and size distribution using SEM-EDS, while their origins were also analyzed. A dissolution model for titanium oxides inclusion was developed using C code, and the removal mechanism and influencing factors were analyzed. Titanium oxides accounts for 86.84% of the inclusions in the ingots, followed by smaller quantities of Al₂O₃, composite inclusions, and high-density inclusions. The inclusion sizes predominantly range from 80 μm to 300 μm. During dissolution, the surface layer of titanium oxides undergoes phase transformation, forming a thin Ti₃O₅ layer. At 1720 ℃, complete dissolution of a 500 μm TiO₂ particle requires 466.67 s. The content of inclusions in the ingot is inversely proportional to the rolling surface quality. Increasing the melting temperature and reducing the melting rate are beneficial to improving the purity of the ingot and the rolling surface quality.
- TA2 pure titanium /
- inclusions /
- surface peeling defects /
- hot-rolled coils /
- electrolytic extraction

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图 1 电子束冷床炉示意和铸锭

（a）电子束冷床炉示意；（b）铸锭

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of electron beam cold hearth furnace and EB ingot

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图 2 大型夹杂物电解萃取原理

Figure 2. Principle of electrolytic extraction for large inclusions

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图 3 Ti-O相图

Figure 3. Ti-O phase diagram

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图 4 球形夹杂颗粒的网格划分

Figure 4. Mesh of spherical inclusion particle

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图 5 TA2热轧酸洗卷表面起皮宏观形貌

Figure 5. Macro morphology of peeling on surface of TA2 hot-rolled pickled coil

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图 6 TA2热轧酸洗卷表面起皮微观形貌

Figure 6. Microstructure morphology of peeling on surface of TA2 hot-rolled pickled coil

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图 7 TA2铸坯晶界处的夹杂物

Figure 7. Inclusions at the grain boundaries of TA2 EB ingot

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图 8 电解所得到的夹杂物的宏观形貌

(a)(d) 80~140 μm; (b)(e) 140~300 μm; (c) >300 μm

Figure 8. Macro morphology of inclusions obtained by electrolysis

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图 9 夹杂物的扫描电镜图像

Figure 9. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of inclusions

（a）1^#；（b）2^#

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图 10 直径为500 μm的TiO₂夹杂物在1720 ℃的溶解过程

（a）不同时刻夹杂物内部的氧元素含量分布；（b）不同时刻相界面的位置

Figure 10. Dissolution process of TiO₂ inclusions with a diameter of 500 μm at 1720 ℃

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图 11 熔体温度对夹杂物传质系数和溶解速率的影响

（a）传质系数；（b）溶解速率

Figure 11. Influence of melt temperature on the mass transfer coefficient and dissolution rate of inclusions

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图 12 不同温度和熔炼速度下能溶解的最大夹杂尺寸

Figure 12. Maximum diameter of dissolved inclusion under different temperatures and smelting rates

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表 1 不同炉号的原料配比

Table 1. The raw material ratio of different heat numbers

No.	Raw material
1^#	Grade 2 and above sponge titanium + Grade 5 sponge titanium + debris + TiO₂ powder
2^#	Grade 2 and above sponge titanium + Grade 5 sponge titanium + debris

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表 2 1^#与2^#的电解结果

Table 2. Electrolysis results of 1^# and 2^#

Sample	Electrolytic weight/kg	Inclusion weight/mg	Normalized weight/ (mg·kg^-1)	Inclusion particle size classification/(µm·mg⁻¹)
Sample	Electrolytic weight/kg	Inclusion weight/mg	Normalized weight/ (mg·kg^-1)	<80	80～140	140～300	>300
1^#	1.321	1.5	4.043		0.3	0.9	0.3
2^#	0.335	0.8	2.388		0.5	0.3

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表 3 夹杂物元素含量

Table 3. Elemental content of inclusions %

	C	O	Al	Si	Mg	Ti	Fe	Cr	Co	Ni	W
Titanium oxide	7.68	43.9				48.42
Al₂O₃	6.66	45.13	42.16			6.05
Complex inclusions	9.1	49.5	8.96	29.39	2.15	0.89
Fe_xO_y	13.85	26.56				1.62	56.54	1.44
High-density inclusions	8.73	13.28				2.43	6.44	1.45	21.01	32.57	14.09

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表 4 1^#与2^#中夹杂物种类及数量占比

Table 4. Types and quantity proportions of inclusions in 1^# and 2^#

Inclusion type	Quantity/count			Proportion/%
Inclusion type	1^#	2^#	Sum	Proportion/%
Titanium oxide	17	16	33	86.84
High-density inclusions	1	0	1	2.6
Al₂O₃	0	1	1	2.6
Complex inclusions	0	3	3	7.9

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表 5 对照组和试验组的酸洗缺陷统计

Table 5. Statistics of pickling defects in control group and experimental group

	No.	First pickling defects /(Count·m⁻¹)		Second pickling defects /(Count·m⁻¹)
	No.	Upper surface	Lower surface	Upper surface	Lower surface
Control group (Without TiO₂ addition)	E1117-2	0.293	0.48	0.505	0.253
	E1117-1	0.59	1.98	0.257	1.264
	E1114-1	0.727	0.58	1.333	0.887
	E1115-1	0.41	1.72	0.1	2.35
	E1115-2	0.06	1.73	0.115	3.308
	Average/m	0.416	1.298	4.62	1.6124
Test group (With TiO₂ addition)	E1012-2	1.74	2.65	1.284	3.105
	E1011-2	1.243	2.96	1.02	2.52
	E1008-2	1.535	2.769	1.316	4.003
	E1010-2	1.449	2.841	1.236	2.48
	Average/m	1.492	2.805	1.214	3.027

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