Experimental study of inclusions in CP-Ti EB ingot by electrolytic extraction

LI Yang; LIU Rui; BAI Yuliang; GUI Tianhao; SUN Yanhui

doi:10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2026.02.013

Volume 47 Issue 2

Apr. 2026

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LI Yang, LIU Rui, BAI Yuliang, GUI Tianhao, SUN Yanhui. Experimental study of inclusions in CP-Ti EB ingot by electrolytic extraction[J]. IRON STEEL VANADIUM TITANIUM, 2026, 47(2): 107-115. doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2026.02.013

Citation:

LI Yang, LIU Rui, BAI Yuliang, GUI Tianhao, SUN Yanhui. Experimental study of inclusions in CP-Ti EB ingot by electrolytic extraction[J]. IRON STEEL VANADIUM TITANIUM, 2026, 47(2): 107-115. doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2026.02.013

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Experimental study of inclusions in CP-Ti EB ingot by electrolytic extraction

doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2026.02.013

1.
Pangang Group Research Institute Co. Ltd., Panzhihua 617000, Sichuan, China
2.
Collaborative Innovation Center of Steel Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China

More Information

Received Date: 2025-11-18
Accepted Date: 2025-12-17
Rev Recd Date: 2025-12-16

Available Online: 2026-04-29

Publish Date: 2026-04-29

Abstract

Abstract

The TA2 rolled and pickled coils produced by electron beam cold hearth melting (EBCHM) often exhibits surface peeling defects. To address this issue, this study extracted inclusions from TA2 ingots via electrolytic extraction and investigated their three-dimensional morphology, type, and size distribution using SEM-EDS, while their origins were also analyzed. A dissolution model for titanium oxides inclusion was developed using C code, and the removal mechanism and influencing factors were analyzed. Titanium oxides accounts for 86.84% of the inclusions in the ingots, followed by smaller quantities of Al₂O₃, composite inclusions, and high-density inclusions. The inclusion sizes predominantly range from 80 μm to 300 μm. During dissolution, the surface layer of titanium oxides undergoes phase transformation, forming a thin Ti₃O₅ layer. At 1720 ℃, complete dissolution of a 500 μm TiO₂ particle requires 466.67 s. The content of inclusions in the ingot is inversely proportional to the rolling surface quality. Increasing the melting temperature and reducing the melting rate are beneficial to improving the purity of the ingot and the rolling surface quality.
- TA2 pure titanium,
- inclusions,
- surface peeling defects,
- hot-rolled coils,
- electrolytic extraction

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References(23)

References

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